Air Pollution and its Harmful Effects :: Papers

Air Pollution and its Harmful EffectsAir Pollution, addition of harmful substances to the atmosphere resulting in abuse to the environment, human health, and quality of life. (Encarta Air Pollution) molest may be quite an understatement on this topic. I believe that mass extinction might be more than damaging to the quality of life. I wait to be jumping the gun here but as you will see air pollution is a very deadly environmental concern. In the United States alone, air pollution has been a serious environmental and public health problem since the early part of the 1900s. Acid pelting, Ozone Depletion, Smog, and Global Warming ar all the result of air pollution. This could possibly be the single most devastating factor in the dissipation of our Eco-system, as we know it.Acid Rain is a term that consists of acid rainfall, snow, fog, and particles. It is caused by sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides released by power plants vehicles and other sources such as gasses, and oils. (EPA Acid Rain) Acid rain effectuate trees, body politic, farms, and surface waters. When the acid in rain comes in contact with an object it immediately starts a chemical reaction. A pH scale measures the acidity train of a substance in numerical order, 0-14, 0 being pure acid, 7.5 the most neutral point, and 14 being the highest alkalinity. (Encarta Acid Rain pg. 2) Acid rain eats away at the nutrients in the topsoil needed by plants and wildlife. The soils natural alkaline can sometimes neutralize the acid, but in places where the soil is thin the alkalinity is poor. In Vermont we have low alkalinity because our land is mostly comprised of granite. (Encarta Acid Rain pg. 2) Trees and plants are also at risk because of the acidic soil. It slows tree growth, as well as eats holes through the vulnerable leaves. Once acid and the metals they dissolve weaken trees, they are more susceptible to other harms like insects, drought, and icy weather. (Encarta) Higher elevations are at more risk because they are closer to the deadly clouds. (Encarta Acid Rain pg. 2) In the worst cases trees have physical damage to the roots and leaves, reduced canopy cover, crown dieback, a reduced growth rate and finally whole tree death. (EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN ON planetary ECOSYSTEMS) Crops are generally less at risk to acid rain than trees. Most farms are in thick topsoil conditions where alkalines can neutralize the acid.

Words and Meaning :: Philosophy of Language

Words and Meaning How do haggling bear mean? The notion that a word means what it stands for its denotation - will be examined and establish wanting because logical analysis is only able to illuminate limited aras of language. It will be because suggested that metaphysical speculations about the sort of entities named by words are at best unhelpful. The idea that words get their meaning from the way they are used in public discourse will then be introduced as potentially more useful, although some problems with this approach will also be noted. Finally it will be suggested, very briefly, that an answer to this oppugn may best be found in the common humans condition how we operate in the world using language.It is attractive to assume that the meaning of a word is the entity it denotes. There are many cases where this definition will do. For example in the sentence, John sat at the table. John denotes a soulfulness and table denotes an object. This seems straightforward. The re are sentences, however, where the meaning is apparently edify but where the entities are not so clear cut. The sentence below has a clear meaning The singing was divine but the acting was wooden.The proposition carried by this sentence is easily understood. However, the entities singing and acting are not so clear. They are ongoing actions not so clearly defined as tables and chairs. Furthermore, the metaphorical qualifiers divine and wooden do not help do not taper the meaning. Is divine, for example, merely a fanciful replacement for enjoyable? A whole conversation about the nature of singing and acting might chase such an utterance. Denotation and questions of logical form do not seem to be helpful in explaining the meanings of words in ordinary talk although human beings do seem to be impelled towards rational discussion. We habitually give reasons for things. For example, a discussion about the greatest footballer often finishes with extensive wall about what the defini ng criteria might be (a verbal dispute about connotation). Subsequently the argument often then turns to which player best meets these criteria (arguments to establish denotation). any(prenominal) the case the denotation for the greatest footballer is problematical. Much of this kind of discourse is based upon opinions. These opinions may or may not be true. This in no way affects the meanings intended by the speakers.

Genocide and Americans Actions :: essays research papers

Opinion 1 Lead the World in the Fight to Stop genocideMilitaryAccording to the Genocide Convention signed and put into effect by the U.N December 9. 1948. Anyone committing genocide, whether constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials, or private individuals will be punished. Genocide is outlined as the killing of members in a root, causing serious bodily or mental harm, imposing measures intended to prevent birth, or forcibly transferring children of that group to another group. This is exactly what is taking place in Darfur, Sudan. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates as many as 50,000 people have been killed and about 1 cardinal internally relocated. In addition roughly 170,000 refugees have fled to eastern Chad. These actions led to Secretary of State Colin Powell along with President Bush to officially declare the crisis a genocide. The U.N still has not recognized the crimes committed in Darfur as a Genocide. However in September 2004 the Se curity Council passed Resolution 1564 which threatens sanction against the Sudanese administration if it does not stop attacks by the Arab Sudanese militias on black Sudanese villagers in the Darfur region. Sudanese officials have largely dismissed it, accusing the United States, for congresswoman of trying to overthrow an Arab government. They obviously dont fear that sanction on their oil exports of some 320,000 barrels per day that will be imposed.This shows Sudanese resolve, they are willing to forfeit the economic status in order to eliminate these African tribes. As the worlds last superpower we have an obligation to cherish those nearing extinction using any means necessary.

International Trade Theories Essay -- essays papers

International Trade TheoriesMercantilism Mercantilism was a sixteenth-century sparing philosophy that maintained that a countrys wealth was measured by its holdings of gold and silver (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). This recquired the countries to maximise the difference between its exports and imports by promoting exports and discouraging imports. The logic was crystal clear to sixteenth-century policy makers-if foreigners buy much goods from you than you buy from them, then the foreigners have to pay you the difference in gold and silver, enabling you to amass more treasure. With the treasure acquired the dry land could build greater armies and navies and hence expand the nations global influence. Politically, mercantilism was popular with many manufactures and their workers. Export-oriented manufacturers favoured mercantilist trade policies, such as those giving subsidies or tax rebates, which stimulated their sales to foreigners. Domestic manufacturers thr eatened by foreign imports endorsed mercantilist trade policies, such as those imposing tariffs or quotas, which protected them from foreign disputation (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). Most members of society are hurt by such policies. Government subsidies of exports for selected industries are paid for by taxpayers. Mercantilist terminology is still used today, an example when tv set commentators and newspaper headlines report that a country suffered an unfavourable balance of trade-that is, its exports were less than its imports. Mercantilist policies are still politically attractive to some firms and their workers, as mercantilism benefits reliable members of society. Modern supporters of these policies are known as neo-mercantilists, or protectionists (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). The mercantilists were a group of economists who preceded Adam Smith. They judged the success of trade by the size of the trade balance (Lipsey, & Chrystal, 1996). authoritative returns The theory of absolute advantage, suggests that a country should export those goods and services for which it is more productive than other countries, and import those goods and services for which other countries are more productive than it is (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). Adam Smith was the first to come up with the theo... ...1656 Richer-Buttery, 1998, Strategic Management, Infocus Tony Lendrum, 1995, The Strategic Partnering Handbook, McGraw-Hill Ball Mcculloch, 1999, International Business The Challenge of Global Competition, Irwin/McGraw-Hill Tripodnet, http//members.tripod.lycos.nl/Japan_industry/three.html Michael Porter, 1990, The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York The Free Press Michael Porter, 1980 Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors New York Free Press D Mahoney, M Trigg, R Griffin, M Pustay, 1998, International Business A Managerial Perspective, Addison Wesley Longman, Mel bourne. G.R Lipsey, & A.K Chrystal, 1996, An Introduction to positive economics, 8th edition Oxford university press Adam Smith, 1776, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Gandolfo, 1998, International Trade possibility and Policy, Springer-Burlag, Berlin, Heidelberg N. Gregory Mankiw, 1997, Principals of Economics, The Dryden Press Dominic Salvatore, 1995, Theory and Problems of International Economics, McGraw-Hill

Socrates :: essays research papers

Socrates     Socrates, as known by Renault, was a beautiful creature. Not physicallybeautiful, just internally and fundamentally beautiful. It was he who saidWhen you assume the show of any virtue, you open a credit account, which one dayyou will have to join or go broke (pp. 398). jibe to Renault, Socratestaught children free of charge. He often walked and talked with children and childly men in the market. They discussed, or more accurately argued in a calmmanner, various issues ranging from the sciences to religion. Socrates, however,usually avoided the subject of government whenever possible. Socrates believedhis role in life was to teach a sensitive understanding of virtues, it was thesevirtues that revolved around much(prenominal) of the controversies. The citizens thoughtthat Socrates poisoned the minds of children. Causing them to lose compliments forparents and elders. It was said that he did not believe in conventional godseither. This is shown by Strymon on pp. 181 and 182, "I theorise the in your owncircle of friends, what we have heard is nothing out of the way. Where theteacher (Socrates) does not even worship the immortal gods, but sets the asidefor his new divinities, one can hardly expect in the pupil much reverence forage and kinship in mere men." Parents blamed the lack of respect for elders onSocrates. In truth Renault says that he was only giving them guidance so thatthey may guide themselves and be free of petty problems. This guidance andadvice caused these young men to re-think their attitudes. Indeed Alexias,Xenophon, and especially Plato were all changed by Socrates. They roll in the haydSocrates like a mother or father pp. 392, "In a word," said Xenophon, "We lovehim." This love for Socrates was often misinterpreted as love being lost forfamily, through argument. Parents were so afraid of losing children to him theymade laws. One law stated that Socrates could not declaim to anyone under thirtyyears of age. Socrates defied this law, and was not punished. However after awhile all his defiances and warnings caught up with him. He was given thechoice of banishment or death. He chose death. Many of his students wanted tofree him, but Socrates made the choice against it. In the end Socrates isholding the glass of Hemlock saying farewell with his students, and friends.     According to The Encyclopedia, Socrates was born around 470 BC and diedaround 399 BC. He greatly impacted Western Philosophy through his influence onPlato. Socrates was born in capital of Greece the son of a sculptor.

Socrates :: essays research papers

Socrates     Socrates, as known by Renault, was a beautiful creature. Not physicallybeautiful, only if internally and fundamentally beautiful. It was he who tellWhen you strike the show of any virtue, you open a credit account, which one dayyou will have to meet or go broke (pp. 398). According to Renault, Socratestaught children warrant of charge. He often walked and talked with children andyoung men in the market. They discussed, or more accurately argued in a calmmanner, various issues ranging from the sciences to religion. Socrates, however,usually avoided the subject of political sympathies whenever possible. Socrates believedhis role in life was to teach a new understanding of virtues, it was thesevirtues that revolved around much of the controversies. The citizens thoughtthat Socrates poisoned the minds of children. Causing them to lose respect forparents and elders. It was said that he did not believe in conventional godseither. This is shown by Stry mon on pp. 181 and 182, "I imagine the in your owncircle of friends, what we have perceive is nothing out of the way. Where theteacher (Socrates) does not even worship the immortal gods, but sets the asidefor his new divinities, one can hardly expect in the pupil much reverence forage and kinship in mere men." Parents blamed the lack of respect for elders onSocrates. In truth Renault says that he was only giving them guidance so thatthey may guide themselves and be free of petty problems. This guidance andadvice caused these young men to re-think their attitudes. Indeed Alexias,Xenophon, and especially Plato were all changed by Socrates. They lovedSocrates like a mother or father pp. 392, "In a word," said Xenophon, "We lovehim." This love for Socrates was often misinterpreted as love existence lost forfamily, through argument. Parents were so afraid of losing children to him theymade laws. One law stated that Socrates could not speak to anyone under thirt yyears of age. Socrates defied this law, and was not punished. thus far after awhile all his defiances and warnings caught up with him. He was given thechoice of banishment or death. He chose death. Many of his students wanted tofree him, but Socrates made the choice against it. In the end Socrates isholding the glass of Hemlock saying farewell with his students, and friends.     According to The Encyclopedia, Socrates was born around 470 BC and diedaround 399 BC. He greatly impacted Western Philosophy through his influence onPlato. Socrates was born in Athens the son of a sculptor.

Second Foundation 3. Two Men and a Peasant

Rossem is sensation of those marginal worlds usually neglected in Galactic history and exactly ever obtruding itself upon the notice of manpower of the myriad happier planets.In the latter days of the Galactic Empire, a few political prisoners had inhabited its wastes, firearm an observatory and a small Naval garrison served to keep it from complete desertion. Later, in the evil days of strife, heretofore before the fourth di handssion of Hari Seldon, the half-hearteder sort of work force, tired of the periodic decades of danger and danger weary of sacked planets and a g emceely succession of ephemeral emperors making their way to the Purple for a few wicked, fruitless years these hands fled the populated centers and sought shelter in the barren nooks of the Galaxy.Along the chilly wastes of Rossem, villages huddled. Its sun was a small ruddy niggard that clutched its dribble of heat to itself, while s without delay beat thinly down for nine months of the year. The tough nat ive grain lay dormant in the soil those snow-filled months, indeed grew and ripened in almost panic speed, when the suns reluctant radiation brought the temperature to nearly fifty.Small, goatlike animals cropped the grasslands, kicking the thin snow aside with tiny, tri-hooved feet.The men of Rossem had, thus, their bread and their milk and when they could spare an animal point their meat. The darkly ominous forests that gnarled their way over half of the equatorial region of the planet supplied a tough, fine-grained wood for housing. This wood, together with certain furs and minerals, was even worth exporting, and the transports of the Empire came at times and brought in exchange farm machinery, atomic heaters, even televisor sets. The last was not really incongruous, for the long winter enforce a lonely hibernation upon the peasant.Imperial history f disordereded past the peasants of Rossem. The trading ships might bring news in impatient spurts occasionally new fugitives wo uld arrive at one time, a relatively large group arrived in a body and remained and these usually had news of the Galaxy.It was then that the Rossemites learned of sweeping battles and decimated populations or of domineering emperors and rebellious viceroys. And they would sigh and shake their heads, and draw their fur collars closer ab footstep to the fore their bearded faces as they sat about the village square in the weak sun and philosophized on the evil of men.Then after a while, no trading ships arrived at all, and life grew tall(prenominal)er. Supplies of foreign, soft forage, of tobacco, of machinery stopped. Vague word from scraps gathered on the televisor brought increasingly disturbing news. And finally it spread that Trantor had been sacked. The great capital world of all the Galaxy, the splendid, storied, unapproachable and incomparable home of the emperors had been despoiled and ruined and brought to blab destruction.It was something inconceivable, and to numer ous of the peasants of Rossem, scratching away at their fields, it might well up seem that the end of the Galaxy was at hand.And then one day not strange other days a ship arrived again. The old men of each village nodded wisely and lifted their old eyelids to whisper that thus it had been in their fathers time just now it wasnt, quite.This ship was not an Imperial ship. The glowing Spaceship-and-Sun of the Empire was missing from its prow. It was a stubby affair made of scraps of older ships and the men within called themselves soldiers of Tazenda.The peasants were confused. They had not heard of Tazenda, but they greeted the soldiers nevertheless in the traditional fashion of hospitality. The newcomers inquired closely as to the nature of the planet, the number of its inhabitants, the number of its cities a word nonsensical by the peasants to mean villages to the confusion of all concerned its type of economy and so on.Other ships came and proclamations were issued all ov er the world that Tazenda was now the ruling world, that tax-collecting post would be established girdling the equator the inhabited region that percentages of grain and furs harmonise to certain numerical formulae would be collected annually.The Rossemites had blinked solemnly, uncertain of the word taxes. When collection time came, many had paid, or had stood by in confusion while the uniformed, other-wordlings loaded the harvested corn and the pelts on to the broad ground- autos.Here and there indignant peasants banded together and brought out ancient hunting weapons but of this nothing ever came. Grumblingly they had disbanded when the men of Tazenda came and with dismay watched their hard struggle for existence become harder. exactly a new equalizer was reached. The Tazendian regulator lived dourly in the village of Gentri, from which all Rossemites were barred. He and the officials under him were dim otherworld beings that rarely impinged on the Rossemite ken. The tax-fa rmers, Rossemites in the employ of Tazenda, came periodically, but they were creatures of custom now and the peasant had learned how to hide his grain and drive his cattle into the forest, and refrain from having his hut appear too ostentatiously prosperous. Then with a dull, uncomprehending port he would greet all sharp questioning as to his assets by merely pointing at what they could see.Even that grew less, and taxes decreased, almost as If Tazenda wearied of extorting pennies from such a world.Trading sprang up and perhaps Tazenda found that to a greater extent profitable. The men of Rossem no longer received in exchange the polished creations of the Empire, but even Tazendian machines and Tazendian food was better than the native stuff. And there were clothes for the women of other than gray home-spun, which was a very important thing.So once again, Galactic history glided past peacefully enough, and the peasants scrabbIed life out of the hard soil.Narovi blew into his beard as he stepped out of his cottage.The first snows were sifting across the hard ground and the sky was a dull, cloud cover pink. He squinted carefully upward and decided that no real storm was in sight. He could travel to Gentri without much trouble and get rid of his excessiveness grain in return for enough canned foods to last the winter.He roared back through the door, which he opened a crack for the purpose Has the car been fed its fuel, yunker?A voice shouted from within, and then Narovis oldest son, his short, red beard not yet completely outgrown its boyish sparseness, joined him.The car, he tell, sullenly, is fueled and rides well, but for the bad condition of the axles. For that I am of no blame. I have told you it needs expert repairs.The old man stepped back and surveyed his son through baleful eyebrows, then thrust his hairy chin outward And is the fault mine? Where and in what manner may I achieve expert repairs? Has the harvest then been anything but scanty for five years? Have my herds escaped the pest? Have the pelts climbed of themselves-Narovi The well-known voice from within stopped him in mid-word. He grumbled, Well, well and now your mother must insert herself into the affairs of a father and his son. Bring out the car, and see to it that the storage trailers are securely attached.He pounded his gauntleted hands together, and looked upward again. The dimly-ruddy clouds were gathering and the gray sky that showed in the rifts bore no warmth. The sun was hidden.He was at the point of looking away, when his dropping look caught and his finger almost automatically rose on high while his mouth fell open in a shout, in complete thoughtlessness of the cold air.Wife, he called vigorously, Old woman come here.An indignant head appeared at a window. The womans eyes followed his finger, gaped. With a cry, she dashed down the wooden stairs, snatching up an old wrap and a square of linen as she went. She emerged with the linen wrapped insecurel y over her head and ears, and the wrap dangling from her shoulders.She snuffled It is a ship from outside space.And Narovi remarked impatiently And what else could it be? We have visitors, old woman, visitorsThe ship was sinking slowly to a landing on the bare frozen field in the northern portions of Narovis farm.But what shall we do? gasped the woman. Can we offer these people hospitality? Is the dirt floor of our hovel to be theirs and the pickings of last weeks hoecake?Shall they then go to our neighbors? Narovi purpled past the crimson induced by the cold and his arms in their sleek fur covering lunged out and seized the womans brawny shoulders.Wife of my soul, he purred, you bequeath take the two chairs from our room downstairs you will see that a fat youngling is slaughtered and roasted with tubers you will bake a fresh hoecake. I go now to greet these men of power from outer space and and- He paused, placed his great cap awry, and scratched hesitantly. Yes, I shall bring my jug of brewed grain as well. Hearty drink is pleasant.The womans mouth had flapped idly during this speech. Nothing came out. And when that stage passed, it was only a discordant screech that issued.Narovi lifted a finger, Old woman, what was it the village Elders express a sennight since? Eh? Stir your memory. The Elders went from farm to farm themselves Imagine the importance of it to ask us that should any ships from outer space land, they were to be informed immediately on the orders of the governor.And now shall I not seize the opportunity to win into the good graces of those in power? Regard that ship. Have you ever seen its like? These men from the outer worlds are rich, great. The governor himself sends such urgent messages concerning them that the Elders walk from farm to farm in the cooling weather. Perhaps the message is sent throughout all Rossem that these men are greatly desired by the Lords of Tazenda and it is on my farm that they are landing.He fairly hopped fo r anxiety, The proper hospitality now the mention of my name to the governor and what may not be ours?His wife was suddenly aware of the cold biting through her thin house-clothing. She leaped towards the door, shouting over her shoulders, Leave then quickly.But she was speaking to a man who was even then racing towards the segment of the horizon against which the ship sank.***Neither the cold of the world, nor its bleak, empty spaces worried General Han Pritcher. Nor the impoverishment of their surroundings, nor the perspiring peasant himself.What did bother him was the question of the wisdom of their tactics? He and Channis were alone here.The ship, left in space, could take care of itself in ordinary circumstances, but still, he felt unsafe. It was Channis, of course, who was responsible for this move. He looked across at the young man and caught him winking cheerfully at the gap in the furred partition, in which a womans peeping eyes and gaping mouth momentarily appeared.Chan nis, at least, seemed completely at ease. That fact Pritcher savored with a vinegary satisfaction. His game had not much longer to plump exactly as he wished it. Yet, meanwhile their wrist ultrawave sender-receivers were their only connection with the ship.And then the peasant host smiled enormously and bobbed his head several times and said in a voice oily with respect, direful Lords, I crave leave to tell you that my eldest son a good, worthy lad whom my scantness prevents from educating as his wisdom deserves has informed me that the Elders will arrive soon. I trust your stay here has been as pleasant as my humble means for I am poverty-stricken, though a hard-working, honest, and humble farmer, as anyone here will tell you could afford.Elders? said Channis, lightly. The chief men of the region here?So they are, Noble Lords, and honest, worthy men all of them, for our entire village is known throughout Rossem as a just and righteous spot though living is hard and the retu rns of the fields and forests meager. Perhaps you will mention to the Elders, Noble Lords, of my respect and honor for travelers and it may happen that they will request a new motor station waggon for our household as the old one can scarcely creep and upon the remnant of it depends our livelihood.He looked humbly eager and Han Pritcher nodded with the properly aloof condescension compulsory of the role of Noble, Lords bestowed upon them.A report of your hospitality shall reach the ears of your Elders.Pritcher seized the next moments of isolation to speak to the on the face of it half-sleeping Channis.I am not particularly fond of this get together of the Elders, he said. Have you any thoughts on the subject?Channis seemed surprised. No. What worries you?It seems we have better things to do than to become conspicuous here.Channis spoke hastily, in a low monotoned voice It may be necessary to risk becoming conspicuous in our next moves. We wont find the type of men we want, Pritc her, by simply attain out a hand into a dark bag and groping. Men who rule by tricks of the mind need not necessarily be men in obvious power. In the first place, the psychologists of the Second Foundation are probably a very small minority of the total population, just as on your own First Foundation, the technicians and scientists formed a minority. The ordinary inhabitants are probably just that very ordinary. The psychologists may even be well hidden, and the men in the apparently ruling position, may honestly think they are the true masters. Our solution to that problem may be found here on this frozen lump of a planet.I dont follow that at all.Why, see here, its obvious enough. Tazenda is probably a huge world of millions or hundreds of millions. How could we identify the psychologists among them and be able to report truly to the Mule that we have located the Second Foundation? But here, on this tiny peasant world and subject planet, an the Tazendian rulers, our host inform s us, are concentrated in their chief village of Gentri. There may be only a few hundred of them there, Pritcher, and among them must be one or more of the men of the Second Foundation. We will go there eventually, but let us see the Elders first its a logical step on the way.They drew apart easily, as their black-bearded host tumbled into the room again, obviously agitated.Noble Lords, the Elders are arriving. I crave leave to beg you once more to mention a word, perhaps, on my behalf- He almost bent double in a paroxysm of fawning.We shall certainly remember you, said Channis. Are these your Elders?They apparently were. There were three.One approached. He bowed with a dignified respect and said We are honored. Transportation has been provided, Respected sirs, and we hope for the pleasure of your company at our Meeting Hall.Third InterludeThe First Speaker gazed wistfully at the night sky. Wispy clouds scudded across the faint stargleams. Space looked actively hostile. It was cold and nasty at best but now it contained that strange creature, the Mule, and the very content seemed to darken and thicken it into ominous threat.The meeting was over. It had not been long. There had been the doubts and questionings inspired by the difficult mathematical problem of dealing with a mental mutant of uncertain makeup. All the extreme permutations had had to be considered.Were they even yet certain? someplace in this region of space within reaching distance as Galactic spaces go was the Mule. What would he do?It was easy enough to handle his men. They reacted and were reacting according to plan.But what of the Mule himself?

Dbq on the Medical Field During the 18th Century Essay

The medical field during the eighteenth century was comprised of unsanitary, heinous, and uncustomary practices, such as blood letting, trepanation, and the overcrowding of hospitals. Even though these practices didnt stand by in the development of the medical field, there were auspicious practices that were beneficial, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God. Midwifery, during the 1700s, was one of the most womanized practices of the century.To get the help of a young-begetting(prenominal) midwife was a belittlement to the female midwife and it was also a way of disparaging midwifery (Document 2). Also, midwives were expected to obtain the knowlight-emitting diodege of caring for and to the skills for the well-being of women in labor(Document 2). While the conditions of a woman giving birth improved dramatically, so did the reputation of midwifery. Ingrafting was one of the most cogent inventions in medicine in the eighteenth century. Diseases as contagious and fatal as th e smallpox were almost eliminated with the invention of ingrafting (Document 3).This procedure was so advantageous that Lady Montagu, an English writer, was well satisfied of the sentry duty of the experiment, that she intended to try it on her own son (Document 3). Ingrafting has also evolved into vaccines that now can cure and treat malignant ailments like the flu and cowpox. Faith in God was a way for citizenry to have mental support for their ailments, even though it didnt cure or treat any ailment, people still turned to God for aspiration. Many people still believe in the power of prayer and in the power of faith to relieve them of illnesses.This is topper stated by William Buchan, an Edinburgh physician, because his statement that the Christian religion teach that, the sufferings of this life are designed to prepare us for a future state of happiness. (Document 7) checkup practices, such as midwifery, ingrafting, and faith in God, of the eighteenth century not only advance d to the benefit of the overall health of the people, but also led to the more advanced practices used today. Although these practices were basic, they are the vital parts of the development of medicine.

Satire in the Great Gatsby

Is Fitzgerald writing a love story that shows the Ameri bum ideals, or is it a satire that comments on the American society in the roaring twenties? The novel The Great Gatsby is a satire type novel that comments on the American society during the roaring twenties.This is shown through the contrast of The V exclusivelyey of Ashes and Gatsbys parties, Gatsby himself, and Myrtle and George Wilson. Through these characters and places, Fitzgerald shows through satire, how the American imagine isnt real anymore and how it is presently replaced with immoral activities and actions.The American dream has been replaced with greed and the pursuit of money rather than happiness. The valley of Ashes represents poverty and hopelessness. This location shows how the American dream has been perverted into something very grim and sinister.This is the desire of wealth at any cost and the ideal that money will make you happy. This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes stupefy like whea t into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke (Pg. 26). this quote shows the affects of the modern materialistic society of New York.Everyone wants to be the rich but the little suffer a lot due to the by-product of the capitalistic society. The by-product in this novel is the ashes. This shows how people throw out regard for other human race for the pursuit to be rich (This is very immoral).This is believed to be the American dream. On the other hand you have McArthur 2 Extravagant parties at the Gatsby house nevertheless to impress a girl. This is a sharp contradiction which fits into Fitzgeralds attempt to use satire to prove the point that the American Dream is gone. Gatsby himself is the bets example of the pervetd impudently American dream. Gatsby gets his money through bootlegging.He does what every he can to get rich and what got him rich was illegal and immoral activities. Youre one of the bunch that han gs nearly with Mayor Wolfshiem- that much I happen to know. Ive mad a little investigation into your affairs and carry it further tomorrow (Pg. 104).This quote shows tom turkey accusing Gatsby of being a bootlegger. Gatsby gets rich just to get Daisy. The satire shown is that no matter how much money Gatsby has he is never happy and all he needs is Daisy but Daisy will not like him unless he is rich. This shows how the only thing Americans care about is money and how the American dream is no longer.Myrtle and George Wilson are the poorer characters in the book but both want the dream of being really rich. Myrtle tries to achieve this by having an affair with Tom who is rich. She cheats on George and she ends up getting hit by a car driven by Daisy.This event shows that there is no way of escaping the Valley of Ashes. George is a indefatigable man and just wants to get some money and seem rich. He tries to buy Toms car just so he can have a really nice car. George symbolizes that i n modern America, you will not succeed in getting rich and achieving the false American dream of being rich and happy.George ends up committing suicide which furthers the ideal that you will not get out the valley of ashes. This is another form of satire trying to sway people to not go with moral decay and rather live a happy non-immoral life.McArthur 3 The novel The Great Gatsby uses Satire to show that the American dream is dead during the roaring twenties. Fitzgerald does this through the Valley of Ashes, Gatsbys parties, Gatsby himself, Myrtle and George Wilson. The American dream has been replaced with greed and the pursuit of money rather than happiness.

Preschool Music Education Essay

IntroductionTeaching music to preschoolers contributes to brain using. The musician is everlastingly adjusting decisions on tempo, tone, style, rhythm, phrasing, and feelingtraining the brain to become incredibly good at organizing and conducting numerous activities at once. Dedicated practice of this orchestration can return a great payoff for lifelong attention skills, intelligence, and an ability for self-knowledge and expression (Ratey, 2001). A group of researchers at the University of California (Irvine) conducted a study that showed that after eighter from Decatur months of keyboard lessons, preschoolers showed a 46% boost in their spatial reasoning (Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, 2001).Music Education Module The program for teaching preschool music education should contain common chord parts 1) Singing 2) Active listening and 3) Movement. All terce of these subsections should work together and build off of the skills learned during the early(a) subsections. The music education curriculum mustiness be fun and kind for the preschool children, otherwise the children result not give the music activities their full attention and will not retain the cognitive abilities that can be taught through music education. The preschool music education curriculum needs to be focused around teaching the children songs, preferably nursery rhymes and other educational songs, which will teach the children a skill. Incorporating movement and hand motions into each song that is taught will enhance the skills learned. Learning to sing songs will improve the development of language acquisition, listening skills, and fine motor skills. Songs that tell a story with hand motions such as Im Bringing Home a Baby Bumblebee will improve language skills as well as fine motor skills and self expression. Songs that specifically address a current skill such as counting songs (1,2 Buckle My Shoe) and spelling songs (B-I-N-G-O) should be incorporated into the music curri culum as well. The preschool music education curriculum must also include active listening to music. Listening to music, particularly untarnished music, will improve listening skills, auditory discrimination, abstract reasoning, and spatial intelligence. After the children begin listened to a musical piece, the experience needs to be reinforced by a series of questions and answers. Asking the children what kind of instruments they perceive and what emotions they felt during the song will improve the abstract reasoning skills and teach the children how to evaluate and comprehend what they have heard. Clapping through a rhythm that was in the song they just heard will teach the children about tempo and improve counting and mathematical skills.ConclusionThe preschool music education curriculum needs to include all three of the subsections discussed. If the curriculum neglects one of the subsections, important skills will be neglected. Singing and dancing teaches preschool children l anguage skills, fine motor skills, and self expression. Actively listening to music, particularly classical music, improves listening skills, abstract reasoning skills, and spatial intelligence.When developing a preschool music education curriculum, the most important thing is to ensure that the curriculum is fun and engaging for the preschool children. If the curriculum is rigid and boring, the children will lose interest and the teacher will not have their full attention. In order for the preschool children to acquire the skills taught during music education, the children must be engaged in the curriculum. ReferencesMusically Yours, Inc. (2007, November) Music Preludes. Retrieved January 23, 2008 from http//www.musicpreludes.com/index.htmlRatey John J., MD. A Users Guide to the Brain. New York Pantheon Books, 2001.Rauscher, Shaw, Levine, Ky and Wright, Music and Spatial Task accomplishment A Causal Relationship, University of California, Irvine, 1994

American Freedom

The establishment of American society traces its roots back to the fifteenth century when Columbus discovered the existence of unknown land on this reachice to India. Since that judgment of conviction mevery people from all over the world take a leak been taking refuge in the USA escaping from political or religious persecution. It has take to the woods to outstanding ethnic diversity where human skin color varies from black, brown, and black to red and yellow. Depending on their background former newcomers who have become ancestors of new American generations be called African Americans, Asian Americans, Russian Americans, and so onteraObviously, highly mentioned representatives of worlds cultures have their own political and religious preferences that have resulted in an increasing number of opposite confessions (Buddhists, Catholics, Muslims, etc. ) and parties (Democrats, Communists, Republicans, Socialists, etc. ). However, American nation is characterized by the follow ing distinct features common to overwhelming majority of people Privacy and Individualism are the most important aspects of social independence all Americans value the most.Since their nipperhood Americans have been taught to consider themselves as independent part of a nation, social group, family, etc. They are use to make their own decisions except at the same time may seldom admit that there exist a number of external factors that greatly influence their decision making skills stereotypes, mass media, social institutions, etc. They reject the idea of being similar to anybody else as they al focuss strive to be unlike and unique.Newly arrived immigrants or those who accept Americans as guests from abroad may get a better picture of American culture and deeper insight into their beliefs and values only recognizing their rightful(a) belief in freedom and self-reliance. The majority of Americans believe that in order to survive in modern world of commercialization and skim the cream off one should be free, independent, and self-reliant in terms of thoughts and decisions. This notion is also closely associated with how Americans treat their parents.More often than not, they show less intimate relationships with family members than otherwise representatives of any other culture. They believe that biological/historical circumstances that brought together the parents and the child reach their purpose during childs upbringing and adolescence after which the parent/child relationships decline and grow weaker. In some cases the connection may be totally confuse especially taking into consideration the fact of vast rule of the country.Privacy is another part of American identity which is of great value when people want to psychologically replenish themselves or take their time to think around life situation, etc. How Americans perceive themselves? Typically, living in the USA its citizens never see themselves as representatives of their own country. Instead, they would rather compare themselves to people who are different from others regardless of the fact whether their competitors are of American or foreign origin.Many Americans make statements saying that their culture is not distinct enough to describe as they oftentimes visualize culture as a number of random traditions on the surface of society which can be distinct and common only in other cultures. Separate Americans sometimes believe that they established their priorities by themselves, rather than having had their thoughts and the considerations on which they are founded obtruded on them by their own culture. When asked to describe common features of American culture the majority of Americans fail to give a descent answer in some cases even rejecting the idea of American culture as a notion.Meanwhile, some Americans may gladly express their generalized their opinions about different groups and subcommunities within their own culture. Southerners have stereotypical views (gener alized, simplified notions) about Northerners, and the other way round. There exists a wide range of traditionally set views about people from the country, from big cities, from inland, from the coasts, from the Southeast, religious and ethnic groups and those who live in Oregon, Texas, Big Apple, California, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, etc. Materialism and Achievement. She is a hard-working person, one American may express his/her opinion towards another person, or he does his job well. These phrases denote the usual Americans respect for people who approaches a task thoroughly and persistently, brining it to a victorious finale. In addition, these phrases also denote respect for achievers, those people who do their best and put down very oftentimes effort to achieve their goals. Foreigners a great deal have a feeling that American people work harder than people from abroad expect them to work.(More likely these visitors have been extremely subjective to American mass media prod uction such as movies and TV programs which would typically show audience less working people but more of those who hang out and chill out driving cars and having dates). Regardless of the fact that some of the Protestant professional ethic may have lost some of its influence on Americans, there is still a strong faith that the perfect person must be a hard worker. A hard worker gets everything right in terms of his/her deadline, organizational skills, high standards of quality.Typically, Americans are keen on action. They really believe it is vital to devote much energy to their work or to other daily routine responsibilities. Moreover, they do believe they should be occupied most of the time. They are typically not satisfied, as representatives from many other cultures are, only to sit and have a talk with other people. They get bored and loose patience. They think they should be occupied with something, or at least make plans and arrangements for future. Directness and Assertiv eness.Americans, as has been indicated above, normally take themselves as sincere, open-minded, and true in their relationships with other people. Americans will often talk openly and straightly to others about things they do not like. They will make attempts to do so in a style they call constructive, which means a style which the other person will not accept as offensive or improper. If they do not talk sincerely about what is on their thoughts, they will frequently communicate their reaction in nonverbal way (no words, only facial expressions, body positions, and gestures).They are not aware, unlike people from many Asian countries are, that they are supposed to mask or sometimes hide their frantic reaction. Their phrases, the tone of their voice, or their facial expressions will more often than not show when their feelings of anger, unhappiness, confusion, or happiness. They think it is okay to show these feelings at least within limits. The majority of Asians feel embarrassed around Americans who are showing a strong emotional response to something.On the other hand, Latinos and Arabs are usually inclined to exhibit their emotions more candidly than Americans do, and to consider Americans as unemotional and cold. However, Americans are frequently less straight and open than they recognize it. There exist in fact many restrictions on their desire to discuss things honestly. Regardless of these limitations, Americans are usually more impart and sincere than people from many other cultures. They normally do not try to hide their emotions and are much less worried with face avoiding severeness to themselves or others.To them, being open is typically more important than preserving harmony in interpersonal relationships. Americans use the words assertive or hostile to represent a person who is overly assertive in expressing thoughts or making requests. The line between acceptable assertiveness and unacceptable aggressiveness is difficult to draw. For Amer ican culture, time is a resource, like water or coal, which can be used properly or poorly. Time is money. You only get so much time in life, so use it wisely. The future will not be improved comparing to the past or the present, as Americans are used to take things, unless people use their time for constructive and promising activities. Therefore, Americans admire a hard-working organized people who write down things to be done and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person must be punctual (i. e. arrive at the scheduled time for event) and is considerate of other peoples time (that is, does not waste peoples time with conversation or other activity with no visible, beneficial outcome). References Brown, J. (2006). Americans. New York Pocket Books.

Does CSR Help or Hinder a Company’s Performance?

Task 4 (582 words) Write a literature revue for Does CSR (corporate neighborly business) help or forget a clubs performance? This literature review explores the state of the art in corporate social innovation research. It briefly outlines the main themes in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) debate organizational legitimacy, moral choices, stakeholder interaction, sustainable development radical and user driven innovation. The paper then reviews the major objects of corporate social innovation singling out and eco innovations as key themes.It closes by analyzing how social innovation is enacted at each of the quaternity levels discussed in the first part. The debate about CSR has been said to have begun in the premature 20th century, amid growing concerns about large corporations and their power. The melodic themes of charity and stewardship helped to shape the betimes thinking about CSR in the US (Saurabh Gaur, 2011) . Our work would like to verify, after a review of literature, by using panel data, if some performance indicators asshole be affected by the self-coloreds social responsible behavior and their certifications.The novelty of our analysis comes from its dynamic aspect and from the buildin g of a CSR index that intersects two of the tether main planetary indices (Dow Jones Sustainability World Index, FTSE4Good Index,2011), in order to be objective and to have a representative sample. The main results seem to support the idea that the CSR firms ar the more than virtuous, having better performances in the long run. in reporting is clearly crucial whereby being transp arnt does not necessarily mean revealing everything as this hatful be counterproductive to the communication of the key message (Bebbington et al. 1999). Consequently, companies must decide how much information to disclose. Based on different stakeholders to needs whereby it is sometimes necessary to disclose information that puts the company in a bad light. The am ple room for manoeuvre in identifying significant dazes and prioritising them has been partly blamed for the fine significance behind achieving formal public endorsement for CSR disclosure (Boiral, 20 09).This is where the belief of Corporate So cial Responsibility, (CSR) has developed and is beginning to enter into common lexical knowledge and is increasingly being used by academics and economists for the sustainability of economic development. As often happens when new terms are coined, they tend to lose their conceptual precision, divergence their evocative value which is however watered down by the multitude of different meanings and contexts in which it is used .However, if we are to say that CSR is necessary for corporate strategy, minded(p)(p) the recent ness of the phenomena and absence of a well-defined and univers eithery accepted certification method, at present CSR has accredited major limitations which we would like to rectify, that is an objective benchmark rat her than a mere marketing tool for the public, the principal motivation and elements that push firms into honorable behavior and suitable certification.It is actually this second point that has given rise to a proliferation of articles concerning social certification (Ullman, 1985) that have still not shed light on the mot ivation that entices firms to bear the cost of certification or looked at the experimental performance of CSR firms. As a result, various performance measures have been adopted both on the market and in accountability that all give rather discordant result s. Corporate social responsibility is the commitment of military cont powers to contri unlesse to sustainable economic development by working with employees, their families, the topical anesthetic community and society at large to improve their lives in ways that are good for business and for development (Cavett-Goodwin, 2007). Therefore, our paper tries to give an answer to the questions explained preceding( prenominal). References orbicular reporting initiative, Sustainability Reporting Initiatives online visible(prenominal) from http//www. globalreporting. org/ReportingFramework/G3Guidelines Accessed 15 July, 2010. Tsoutsoura M. , 2004, Corporate Social Responsibility and pecuniary Perfor mance, Center for Responsible Business, Working Paper Series, N. 7, University of Califor nia, Berkeley. Academy of Management Review, impart of Social and Ethical Accountability online Available from http//www. accountability. org/about-us/news/accountability-1/pharma-s-3imandate. html Accessed 11 may, 2010. Roberts C. , 1992, Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure An Application of Stakeholder Theory, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17, 6, 595 612. World Business Council for sustainable Development online Available from Accessed 15 October,2012. Donaldson T. , (1989), The morality of International Business, The Ruffin Ser ies in Business Ethics, Oxford Univer sity Press. Sustainable investment , Ethical Investment Research and Information Service online Available from http//www. eiris. org/managers/sustainable_investment. html Accessed 24 Jun, 2007. Cooperative Bank, Ethical Purchasing Index online Available from Accessed 23 april,2005 TASK 6 (1073 words)The synthesized essay on Does CSR (corporate social responsibility) help or hinder a companys performance? Abstract The corporate social responsibility (CSR) is getting an increasingly important issue for economic agents all everywhere the world. The development sustainable businesses need to implement their social responsibility. Though there is no detailed measure available on the impact of these practices on business performance, CSR is believed to have a appointed relationship with a companys goodwill and also be a mean to a more paying operation.The view that SCG should further integrate CSR programs into its business strategies, broaden its CSR network to its various stakeh olders, put more emphasis on environmental issues, and employ an efficient measurement mechanism for evaluating the impacts and benefits of its CSR programs . Introduction Reality shows that firms have recently been able to adapt to a changing world not solo by developing economically but also socially and ethically. A firms aim remains based on a development strategy that not only favors its hareholders but also responds to all stakeholders involved either directly or indirectly in the production process. The social impact of big and low-spirited corporations is get a very important issue in business administration. A bad social impact, in fact, could increase the firms risk, could lead to ill-treat relationships with many stakeholders and could affect corporate reputation. This article presents some empirical evidence that aims to answer the following question does CSR practice influence a companys image and reputation? Main bodyTotal Review of Related, surgery Measures and Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility is getting an increasingly important issue for economic agents due to a new assist to all the aspects of firms activit ies and their relationship with stakeholders. In fact, firms with the attitude toward disclosure related to social responsibility activities appear to be able to develop and maintain better relationship with s takeholders in general Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept wit h a growing currency around the globe.It frequently oerlaps with similar approaches such as cor porate sustainability, corporate sustainable development and corporate responsibility. Moreover, CSR has a wide range of potential meaning it can be considered as the private sectors way of integrating the economic, social, and environmental imperatives of its activities. We focus on two main characteristics of CSR social welfare orientation and stakeholders relationship orientation.AS businesses have increased their adoption of co rporate social responsibility practices, managers face growing wedge to conscionableify the allocation of scarce firms resources and accurate measures of corporate social responsibility results are required. Because the corporate image and reputation have been considered as intangible assets and semiprecious resources a firm can use in order to differentiate itself from its competitors. The reputation is built over time as the result of complex interrelationships and exchanges in the midst of a company and its stakeholders.This complexity of interrelationships makes imitation difficult for competitors in the short term. The grand aggregation approach to corporate reputation loses substantial informational content unless quintuple lists of stakeholders can be surveyed this research will be conducted taking into account the perspectives of only two stakeholders. The rule contact by companies integrates social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their in teraction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.When you review each of these, they broadly agree that the definition now focuses on the impact of how you manage your core business. The increasing attention to CSR is firstly based on its capability to influence firms performance. The researches in this field examine how CSR can provide firms with an incremental gain. For example, researchers have considered purchase intentions, increased sales, enhanced image, and improved employees morale as benefits of CSR.In particular, regarding to this aspect, the literature consists of three principal strands the creation of a positive correlation mingled with CSR and monetary results, the lack of correlation between CSR and Many studies about the relationship between CSR and performance have rivet their attention over a variety of other important characteristics that can be possible causes of firms performance. Some researchers have studied the effect of firms dimension, industrial sector, age, supplement level and intangible expenditures. t is possible to assume that the biggest firms are able to have a behavior more responsible than the smallest ones. The biggest ones probably pay more attent ion to the relationship with external stakeholders. Moreover, the firms dimension affects the link between certification and performance at the beginning firms strategies are focused on the basic survival and just when firm is increasing its dimension because it has crossed the trigger point of survival, it can begin to take care of ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.In the meantime firms dimension can be linked with financial performance through economies of scale . The financial result and the existence of a negative correlation between CSR and financial results. The commitment by business to behave ethically and to contribute to economic development while modify the qualit y of the life of the workforce and the families as well as the local community and s ociety at large The CSR is a commitment to improving the welfare of a community through discretionary business practice and contribution of corporate resources. Ethical CSR is morally mandatory and goes beyond ulfilling a firms economic and legal obligations, to its ethical responsibilities to avoid harm or social injuries, yet if the business might not appear to benefit from this. It may be to SCG advantage to let its CSR stakeholders take a greater role in developing and implementing its strategic CSR programs SCG may further benefit from establishing broader CSR networks with its employees, customers, business partners and with non-profit organizations. Conclusion The above results give first empirical evidence that in Italy firms stock prices are not affected by CSR reports even if firms show a greater attention to these issues.The possible explanations of these results could be the following CSR is a relatively new issue in Italy, and most investors have a low degree of perce ption of the bailiwick The quality of disclosure for CSR is not easily measurable there is a lack of general accepted principles and most firms use CSR disclosure as an spare instrument of advertising, avoiding to give relevant information . Most investors are short-term oriented while CSRs impact is mostly in the medium-long term. At the moment, the small number of firms in the sample is due to few CSR reports available.But, thanks to a greater attention to CSR issues, the sample could be enlarged soon. These aspects could be the main explosive charge of further implementations of our work. References KAPLAN, R and NORTON, Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System online Available from http//www. balancedscorecard. org Accessed 12 July, 2011). Carroll A. B. , 1991, Corporate Social Performance Measurement A Commentary on Methods for Evaluating an Elusive Construct, p. 385-401 in J. E. Post (ed. ), Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy, vol. 1 2, Greenwich, CT JAI. Donaldson T. (1989), the Ethics of International Business, the Ruffin Ser ies in Business Ethics, Oxford University Press. Cooperative Bank, Ethical Purchasing Index online Available from Accessed 23 april,2005. Donaldson T. , (1989), the Ethics of International Business, The Ruffin Series in Business Ethics, Oxford University Press. planetary reporting initiative, Sustainability Reporting Initiatives online Available from http//www. globalreporting. org/ReportingFramework/G3Guidelines Accessed 15 July, 2010 TASK 7 ( 845 words) Compare and contrast how these 2 articles discuss the financial crisisAbstract This subject is written to the write up on changing the wrong direction when the debate about modern auditing practices. In the context of the current financial crisis shows that, there are accredited similarities between the accounting scandals and the global crisis is expected. All this directly and indirectly affect society. Beside of that, the art icle also pointed out in different directions to struggle to overcome. Introductions The business landscape is changing all around the world. Advances in finance and technological improvements have accelerated the rate of changes dramatically.That due to the negative impact of different accounting should push certain risks, against the backdrop of increasing economic turbulence this paper seeks to stimulate debates a bout the quality of auditing by examining the audit reports. Different parties such as governments, firms, curiously small investors are struggling to keep up with these changes. During of that The financial crisis and shows that a large nu mber of enterprises have collapsed within a short period after receiving clumsy audit reports, so the law makers and standard setting bodie s hysterically searched the possible solutions.Some of the accounting principles are changed to having good news or optimistic idea the y are considered as revolutionary. Body paragraphs Regula tors and investors have traditionally relied upon corporate financial statements to make sense of bank liabilities, risks and economic exposure, but this has been highly problematic. An early estimate suggested that despite a raft of Attention has fo cused on attendants because of the belief that a green light from an auditor means that a companys accounting practices have passed muster.Adverse key financial ratios are considered to be an indicator of going concern problems. The environment in which it operates also shows that auditors received long income from their audit clients, which may be very significant for regional offices managing the audit. The fee dependency and related advancement o f career can effect conflict of interests. Auditors may argue that the financial crisis unfolded suddenly and they were thus ill-prepared to make judgments about the likely financial distress. The issuing of audit reports is subject to organizational and regulatory politics.Auditors may b e reluctant to qualify bank accounts for fear of creating panic or jeopardizing their liability position. We have reached the limits of conventional auditing technologies and ought to be considering alternative forms of accounting, disclosures and accountabilities. They are just publishing the financial analyses. This might mean they are hiding the inputs and want the public to see only the result. the authorities do not give assurances on a regular basis when the things go well but if there is a problem they usually ma kes public speeches to convince them.The social cost of the unfolding crisis is difficult to estimate, but vast amounts of public money are being used to prop-up distressed financial enterprises. For example, in addition to providing huge sums to stimulate banking liquidity. The UK auditing standards, closely aligned with international auditing standards, state that the auditors procedures necessarily involve a consideration of the entitys ability to continue in oper ational existence for the foreseeabl e future. curiously small investors are giving great importance to the financial medias comments.Accounting is the methodology which provides measurements, statements or provisions of assurance about financial status concerning firms financial situations. Accounting can be described as language of business because accounting information provides signals to end users, especially to investors. Usually their premiums are much higher than their salaries which are generally associated with the growth of the firm. This payment system encourages or even forces them to growth. Brokers are the mediators between the buyers and the sellers.In every transaction they earn certain amount of commission. Even though they have certain amount of fixed income their main source of income comes from the transactions. There is an inherent conflict of interest bet ween auditor and client relations. Auditors prepare auditing reports for external users investors, govern ment etc. , but audit fee is paid by the client audited company. This price would be correct and even overvalued t here could be even further decline in the price. This station is called value trap. If the investor buys the stock, he is caught by the trap.Finally models explaining valuation of currencies such as acquire power parity, fisher effect and international fisher effect could not be put into practice accurately because of statistical deficiencies. Conclusion The deep of financial crisis raises questions about the role and value of the independent audit. Besides that, the Markets do not seem to have been assured by unqualified audit opinions and many financial institutions either collapsed, that had to be bailed out within a short period of receiving unqualified audit opinions.Thought out that on any independent inquiry into the role of auditing, especially at financial institutions, would help to highlight the shortcomings of the current practices. However, there are remed ies for audit industry has mediated previous crises by revising auditing standards and codes of morality and the early signs are that the same strategies will be deployed again. So on the restrictions and the consequences will be improved over time through economic struggles.

Analysis of the article ‘What makes a good teacher?”

It is chief(prenominal) to understand what students value approximately in instructors especi solelyy nowadays when the continuing traffic of a instructor depends on the performance of students. Studies of what constitute an expert teacher be motivated by several factors. For instance, the study will help in conducting initial education to teachers, their appraisal and better curriculum reforms. The companionship of a teacher should include the ability to contextualize and personalize the content for the learners as well as create strategies and principles of class management.In addition, the teacher should realize association of the characteristics of the learners and be able to interact well with them. It is in any case necessary to recognize the values and purpose of education. on that point be different ways that ar procedured in the identification of expert teachers. The most common criteria are by reputation and performance of students in standardized tests as wel l the experience of the teacher. Another way of identification is by asking primary and secondary students their most effective teachers and qualities that made them that best.Expert teachers hurt highly organized knowledge bases with complex interconnected schemas which are easily accessed. Besides they have skills and r knocked out(p)ines that are executed smoothly and effortless. Expert teachers work towards their pedagogic goals while evaluating and monitoring their actions. This is through knowledge of the character matter, the techniques of education it at different levels of learnedness and fin completelyy effective classroom management. A study was through to check over views of a good vocabulary teacher to complement the meetings of the characteristics which emerge from general education literature.The subjects were students of applied linguistics and TESOL in post graduate as well as diploma levels. Some had experience in teaching while others had none and they we re from different cultural backgrounds. The methods used to collect data were interviews and questionnaires. The findings of the qualities of a good teacher starting with the most often mentioned were a teacher who understands the needs, expectations, strengths and weaknesses of students. Secondly, the knowledge of the subject matter plus an understanding of teaching techniques.Ways of keeping up to date with the language and the teaching methods of a particular language was the least mentioned. There are different views between teachers and students concerning what constitutes a good teacher. According to students, the two qualities of a good teacher that were repeatedly mentioned include the ability of a teacher to explain to students so that they can clearly understand. Another quality pointed out was world helpful, understanding, empathizing and leadership as well as organization.On the other hand, the two qualities seen as crucial by teachers were organization of the classro om and secondly fostering confederacy of the students. Other characteristics of a good teacher include technical skills which mean knowledge of the subject matter, pedagogical skills as well as interpersonal skills and personal qualities. However, the simplest solvent to what constitutes a good teacher is that good teachers care more(prenominal) about the learning of their students than their get teaching. Some people distinguish two types of teachers as the expert teacher and the good teacher.The expert teacher teaches good learning strategies for passing examinations while the good teacher teaches technical skills but places less furiousness on pressuring students to pass exams. Instead the teacher tries to understand them and establish good relations with them. Teachers can either be pragmatic or emphatic. The former refers to those who press good exam results while the latter refers to those who meet wider interpersonal, social and affective needs of the learner. It can howe ver be suggestd that an expert teacher should have a combination of the two.Perceptions and qualities that make a good teacher can therefore be summarized as keeping up to date with knowledge and skill, having personal qualities of world humorous and finally being patient and enthusiastic about the work. Article Response Pedagogy is the technique, principles and methods of instruction that a teacher uses to teach learners. There are many ways of teaching students and they vary from one teacher to some other depending on the level of the learners as well as the content of the material that they are learning.Even though each teacher has a different way of teaching, the basic principles should be applied to avoid drifting away from the education perspective. What constitutes an expert teacher is an arguable topic that keeps changing between different individuals. This is because each individual is different and has his own way of understanding things. Therefore, the opinion of what makes an expert teacher may vary from one person to another. A good teacher should be able to relate well with students through knowing the learners characteristics well, being courteous and respecting them.The teacher has to be more understanding and establish good relations while at the same time try to teach them about life (Mullock, 2003, pp. 17). In addition it is important to learn the students strengths and weaknesses so that the teacher may have an idea about which teaching methods to use hence knowing where to put more effort. A good teacher must know the subject of study thoroughly and be able to simplify the contents for the learners.For this to happen, knowledge and understanding of the subject matter is required since it becomes the framework for constructing other forms of declarative and procedural knowledge that are important for teaching (Mullock, 2003, pp. 10). Moreover, the teacher should be capable of transforming content knowledge to make it more interesting a nd comprehensive for the learners. This can be done by using fascinating topics, activities and giving accurate and helpful feedback. Another important factor that contributes to a good teacher is interesting personnal characteristics.This include things uniform a good sense of humour, enthuthiasm during teaching, involving the students in heated debates as well as outdoor activities. Making a lesson interesting is a very good way of capturing the attention of students. Students will tend to look forward to the next lesson since they are enjoying the learning activity. Futhermore, it will be much easier for the students to remember the lesson and what they were taught if it was exciting rather than if it was boring. A teacher should develop strategies of teaching and planning their lessons in effective and fanciful ways.These skills help to execute basic skills smoothly and efficiently (Mullock, 2003, pp. 13). This is important in managing not altogether the lessons but similarl y the students in a planned manner. In addition, the students will be organized in their work, hence being neat just like the teacher. A teacher should be an opportunistic planner, that is, having the ability to withdraw on their feet. This means the ability to develop contingency plans for situations that are likely to occur but were not expected. An expert teacher should never provide incrorrect discipline to the students.This mostly happens when a teacher is unsure of a certain fact and does not want to admit lack of knowledge to the students. Some teachers may argue here saying that to admit lack of knowledge means lack of credibility. However this is not the case since the teacher can always give the answer at a later date or time after doing a research. Giving out incorrect information is misleading a student. A good teacher should know what to teach and keep students in the instructional process to ensure smooth learning. Article ComprehensionThe member was easy to read si nce the price used were comprehensive. The writer has explained everything in a simple manner and as such there was a smooth flow of ideas. The study done to investigate what makes a good teacher was thorough and each aspect was taken into consideration. In addition, the findings were clearly discussed and presented (Mullock, 2003, pp. 7). The name begins by introducing what other people have verbalize about the subject. The topic of the article was also discussed briefly giving the endorser an idea about what is going to be talked about.This include defining a teachers knowledge and what exactly a teacher should know (Mullock, 2003, pp. 4) The article has used a lot of comparisons which make reading not only interesting but also simple. This include comparing views of two categories of people and stating clearly the differences while giving lucid physical exertions. An instance is where the writer has evaluated the opinion of both teachers and students on what constitutes a go od teacher (Mullock, 2003, pp. 5). The information is then presented in a table for easy comparison and interpretation.Another association was between a pragmatic teacher and an emphatic teacher with the distinctions plainly being presented in a table (Mullock, 2003, pp. 17). last, there are slight contrasting points that were obtained from the study done and the article has tried to elucidate them. An example is when a respondent distinguished two types of teachers, the expert teacher and the good teacher. The article explains clearly the different ways in which respondents views may differ and in the end gives a clear outlook (Mullock, 2003, pp. 17). There are however hardly a(prenominal) parts of the article that were intricate.This was mostly because of use of difficult words. An example is the use of the words lexico-grammar, phonology and semantic in a certain paragraph while trying to explain the knowledge of a language and how it works in making of a good teacher (Mullock, 2003, pp. 11). All the words have been used in one sentence without explaining what they mean. This article does not have an powerfulness to explain hard words. An index is important to a reader because whenever a complex term is encountered, it can always be checked out, assuming that the reader does not have a dictionary in hand at that particular moment.Some of the tables in the article which were used in data presentation were also not very clear especially in the numerical content. For example there is a table in the article that represented the most frequently mentioned characteristics of a good TESOL teacher. The characteristics have been listed clearly and comprehensively but the frequencies have been presented in a confusing manner (Mullock, 2003, pp. 10). It takes a reader a abundant time to be able to correctly interpret the data. This may lead to wrong translation or a misunderstanding of the facts.Important information obtained from the article originally I read the article, it was not clear to me what exactly a teachers knowledge should consist. Most people have the assumption that a teacher should only have technical skills, content knowledge and curriculum knowledge. However this article has clearly defined what knowledge of a teacher should include and it is much more than the trinity just mentioned above. It has defined the knowledge of a teacher as content knowledge and also pedagogic content knowledge which is the ability to simplify the contents for the learners.In addition a teacher should have general pedagogic knowledge, meaning to be familiar with the principles and strategies of classroom management and also have knowledge of characteristics of the learners. Finally the knowledge of education purpose and values has also been mentioned in the article (Mullock, 2003, pp. 4). This is important because having learnt what a teacher should know, it is up to the reader to ensure that they possess all these knowledge which will contribut e to better teaching methods and practices.Furthermore, equal effort can be applied to each section when relating this knowledge so that a lot of concentration is not put on one side while ignoring the others. Having content knowledge means having the knowledge of the subject that you teach. This is important since a teacher should be conversant with the topic of study so that any problem presented by student concerning the topic can be tackled correctly and professionally. The article also mentions that a teacher should have knowledge of educational context.This means knowing the surroundings, the group, the classroom, the community and the district. Most teachers would ignore this and only concentrate on the students and the warm surrounding which is the school. However light has been shed on the importance of expanding the knowledge of the teacher in respect to the external environment which would help in addressing almost external problems that students may occasionally have. The article has also mentioned that a teacher should know the values and purposes of education (Mullock, 2003, pp. 4).Most teachers assume that their only purpose is to teach. However this article has stated that a teacher should know the importance of education and the values, aims and objectives of education. This is important because whatever a teacher teaches the students or whichever method is used to teach, it will be of quality since the teacher understands that education is more than just teaching. Another important point learnt from the article is keeping up to date with teaching techniques (Mullock, 2003, pp. 15). Majority of teachers only go for training once.After that, they plunge themselves into the teaching profession and start teaching until they retire. However this should not be the case since changes will always take place. Something raw(a) may be introduced for example a new subject, materials of teaching or even new modes of teaching. It is therefore important for teachers to refresh their courses after every few years. This fact was not clear initially but after reading the article, its importance was clarified. Article Relevance The importance of this article is that it will help in understanding the different ways that a teacher should use to teach students.The article has compared different views of what really amounts to a good teacher and helps in learning the correct techniques that should be adopted. The study done could help in dealing with a challenge that most teachers face which is variance of learners. Each learner has their own way of grasping things. The article has discussed what students think of how a teacher should teach. This can help through combining these factors and finding an appropriate way of teaching that will benefit all the students hence each one of them understanding the concepts being taught.This article has raised the issue of whether teachers should be taught how to teach. It does not matter if the teach er has had earlier training. There are new changes every day that come with invention and teachers must keep up to date with such changes. Therefore just like their students it is necessary to always be on the lookout while coming up with new, easier and better ways of teaching. The study of teaching methods helps in improving teaching techniques which in the end will make a teacher be good in what he or she does.The article points out the need for shape up studies to correlate perceptions of a good teacher with behavior of teachers in the classroom context and with larger number of subjects of different languages and educational backgrounds (Mullock, 2003, pp. 21). The article has focused in general on TESOL which is Teachers of English to Students of Other Languages. From the study, it is clear that for any teacher, knowledge of the subject matter is necessary. A language teacher should be fluent in the language being taught which includes in writing, reading, verbalize and tr anslation to the language the students are speaking.This means that the teacher should be fluent in both the language the students are speaking and the language the students are being taught. The article has pointed out that students nowadays are more critical and less accepting of teachers whose language skills are poor (Mullock, 2003, pp. 20). safe(p) TESOL teachers know the language and how it works. It therefore draws attention to the importance of knowing thoroughly the field of study or the subject matter to avoid critism from students.Finally the article has highlighted all the qualities that make a good teacher from different perceptions. It is not possible for a teacher to have all the characteristics and just like a student, a teacher has both weak and strong points. It is therefore up to the teacher to look at these qualities and find out which ones suits his or her personality and then find a way to make good use of these traits and apply them in teaching. From the arti cle, it is also clear that teaching technique depends on the level of learners and the subject being taught to the learners.This helps a teacher to understand that a technique that may be successful to one group of learners may not be successful to another group. It can be concluded that the article has underscored important points of teaching techniques and qualities that make a good teacher hence answering a question that most teachers find complex about how to be a good teacher and what really constitutes to this. Reference Mullock, B. (2003). WHAT MAKES A GOOD TEACHER? THE PERCEPTIONS OF POSTGRADUATE TESOL STUDENTS. Prospect , 18 (3), 3-24.

Act of Kindness

fortune out with e trulything around the signboard and my ill luck little brother is the biggest act of kindness I would study I have d superstar. It is also my responsibility so be aware of the situation my family is in and to undertake and aid out. My father as a farmer he works long hours in the voluptuous sun, that is during summer, and c disused days in the winter. My get down only works during the summer, as a farmer as well that is, I chi empennagee the hardest season but its well paid for us mid-class citizens.I know how hard it is to work in the fields, since I have worked with my parents before. Working as a farmer is very hard work, dealing with the sun is not fun, but we all need to find a port to betray money and maintain our home. I evermore feat to religious service out with the house chores, and help my parents out a little. Wouldnt you, do the same? Seeing my mother stresses because bills cant be paid, and my father coming from work exhausted, I always d o my best to make them be conferrable at home. I have food for my father when he comes from work, I clean do laundry.I try to not cause my mother anymore stresses, by move to be a good daughter that one day shell be proud of. I help out my mother with my younger brother who suffers from goodly dystrophy. He is 15 years old, and now that he is older his muscles are getting weaker and his ability to strait long distances are just decreasing. I help him sidewalk is a big step, and he is always afraid he will fall so he needs our motivation and I try to be there for him. Making him laugh spending time with him it all helps out.Now that he cant really get out and go to the park he needs company and Im always there with him, when my parents are just too busy. I have had 4 older brothers cristal away from muscular dystrophy, Im pretty sure thats a lot for a mother to go thru. So Im always one step ahead of my mother and helping with everything. We all can help out and be kind. Its not so practi clapperclawy about being kind, but being humane and taking responsibilities. Helping the homeless by plentiful them a sub that one day, you might have saved them from starving.Im just trying to verify that any little act of kindness can go a long way and make a big difference. It is not that difficult to state a straightforward thank you, and even it can genuinely alter the prospect of somebody elses day. My older brother, Arnold, once said to me that, It acquires more power to glimmer than to smile. Ive acknowledged that only by behaving respectfully with the citizens around, you are able to genuinely create the more positivistic ambiance around you.Act of KindnessreallyThis is a story on an act of kindness I did for this girl I didnt know to well. One day as I was walking home from my old school I saw this girl, she looked like a complete nerd someone I wouldnt commonly mouth to. She was walking home looking really sad, kind of like she had no one to talk to. I w alked over to her and introduced myself and she also told me who she was she said her name is Abby. She was carrying books in her hands and it looked heavy I asked her if I could help. She nodded and told me I was more then welcome.I walked her home that day. I asked her if she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few weeks later we were best friends. Months down the road she found out she was pregnant, this took me by surprise since I didnt even know she was dating anyone. The guy who got her pregnant walked out and hardly never came around. I could tell by the look on Abbys typesetters case that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what ill always be there for her if she ever needed anything.The hardest part for her was to tell her parents she was pregnant. Her parents are the strick ones, that go to church building every sunday and doesnt allow their daughter to have a boyfriend or anything. So trying to explain to her parents that she had got a boyfriend and had sexual intercorse with him behind there backs was going to be a yobo situation. She didnt tell anyone for three months that she was pregnant,but it got down to where she had to say something since she was starting to show.Abby asked me if i could be there with her when she telled her parents on atomic number 90 I told her i could and that id be there Thursday at four oclock. Thursday came and I went to her house and as soon as she anwsered the door she started freaking out with panic. I told her to calm down everything will be fine and that if she wants me to tell her parents i would. She appreciated it and told me to tell her parents for her. As we started walking closer to her parents I told them that Abby had something she wanted to tell them.Her parents started getting worried and asked what this was about. I then told her parents that she was scared to tell them about hows shes pregnant. Ive never seen anyones face look so furious in my entire life, Th ey asked me to leave so they could talk as a family. Later that next week Abbys parents called me and asked me to come over for dinner and talk with them about something. I concord and told them id be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I could stand for about was what they wanted to talk to me about, I began to get nervous.As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then i knocked on the door. Abbys parents answered the door and we sat down to eat. After we got done eating Abbys mom started to tell me how when i met Abby, abby wasnt in the best state of mind. I told them how i already knew and how i talked her out of a mess of things before and they thanked me. They both thanked me for being such a great friend to Abby, and to this day I help take care of Abbys daughter.

Dworkin and Hart

detonate TWO ESSAY (1) Dworkins third conception of the law called Law as Integrity is establish in part on the assumption that there is a single author of the law. The community personifies expressing a coherent conception of justice and fairness. According to law as integrity, propositions of law atomic number 18 true if they figure of speech in or view from the principles of justice, fairness, ad procedural due process that provide the best shaping interpretation of the communitys legal practice. Furthermore, Dworkin would approve and support the judges for creating an suasion and setting a new precedent on this case.Dworkins Chain Novel concept fits into this case perfectly by adding new precedent which the lawmakers of the time could not foresee. The lawmakers had not created such(prenominal) a provision dealings with this event but surely did not intend to protect this defendant just because the language of the law was absent. (2) hart might criticize the majority o pinion because he will believe that the justices baffle done a dishonor to the law. Regardless if the defendant attained the land through unmoral means, he did not violate any laws at that time.Social rules should not be taken into consideration with the law since there is no precedent dealing with such issue. A law is separate from morality, and does not in itself guarantee that the primary social rules of a given legal system are just or morally right (Adams 43). The majority opinion relied on judges to go beyond their jurisdiction and make moral judgments when there was no such precedent or law set on that matter. The judges, as Hart may claim, did not follow primary and secondary rules in reaching their majority opinion.Hart may support the dissent of Judge gray by applauding Grays reasoning on the case. In particular, Hart would support Gray when Gray states, The question we are dealing with is whether a testamentary disposition can be altered, or a will revoked, aft(prenom inal) the testators death, through an appeal to the courts, when the legislature has by its enactments prescribed exactly when and how wills may be made, altered, and revoked, and apparently, as it seems to me, when they have been fully complied with, has no left room for the exercise of an equitable jurisdiction by the courts over such matters. Adams 152). Hart would support this train of thought by Gray because Gray clearly makes it known to the majority that there are already laws stating how to properly handle wills, and that the courts really have no jurisdiction later on a testator has deceased and the will has come into affect. Gray is only following the law and property morality separate.

Book The Problem of Media: U.S. Communication Politics

The book The Problem of Media U.S. Communication Politics in the Twenty-First Century written by Robert W. McChesney discusses the issue of media Reform. He argues that, The Policies, structures, subsidies and institutions that are created to control direct and regulate the media lead be responsible for the logic and nature of the media system whether their content is good, bad or a combination, the media thitherfore presents a governmental hassle for both society, and an unavoidable one at that (16).He contends that there are two main issues on this puzzle. The first problem is the structure that creates the content of the information and the second is the structures themselves. He believes that the way society makes it decisions on how to structure the system and how it decides to solve this needs meliorateation. Debates, he believes, will direct shape and create protect to the media system.McChesney writes of how media will exist in all societies. But their structure and c ontent is determined cultural, economic and policy- devising and this determines the amount of solutions each society has to choose from. In different societies the controlling government decides how this is structured. He mentions dictatorships and high-and-mighty regimes will create the type of media that will influence and give him more big businessman and stopping either chance of opposition. With a democratic society the problem exists between those with power and those with none. In this society the power is with the media and it is this power that gives a strong support in the building of democracy making media a policy-making tool.The problems with media being a political tool in a democracy, he states is well known. The foundation of this is that in order to have a democratic society the citizens must be informed and the media is the tool for this. It is non that the media is to create the democracy still help to make it more efficacious to members of that society. The issue in the rectify is all about content. If it is balanced with views that express both sides of the road. large an opposite stand to democracy, equally of the essence(p) for the society members to make choices on how to structure their society and even more important is how media affects economics.Medias outgrowth influences were in economics and soon spread to politics. McChesney believes that, In the United States the starting point for grasping the problem with media is seeing where the media fits in the broader capitalistic economic system (117). The problem is between the role media has in the profit-making commercialized structured organizations and the need for information that deals with information needed for a democracy. It is this tension that fuels much of the social aid around media and media policy making (17).The author gives great attention to the meaning of problem and how it relates to what is deemed the problem of media. I thought this to be kind of re petitious because he gives meaning to the word problem often passim the book. I thought that maybe he was trying to make a point at how media will take something and give it so many different meanings as he did. He then goes on to give a history of the media to give the reader a sense of where it was coming from to see where it was going. Giving a good historical account of the affects of broadcasting in the 1930s that created the way our society makes media policy.He then moves into an analysis into how media became corrupt, deceitful, and missing ethical bases just within this century. McChesney believes that the United States has not faced these problems making media a servant to those in society that are self-servant. These are usually the ones that make any decisions in private such as the media corporations that are driven by profits, ignoring what society needs.This system has contri howevered to a political crisis of the highest magnitude and unless it is confronted directl y will severely limit our superpower to make progress on any of the other major social and political problems that face the nation (21). Media should help to give the society an ability to have informed debates on issues that arise from that society.After reading the book it gave me much to think about, but really no clear solution. Granted he did talk of reforms but in what sense? In my opinion reform should come in the way we educate our society. Now with new technology freedom of speech is a whole new attitude. Everyone has something to say, whether right or wrong. I do think there should be some kind of reform, but Im not sure what kind of reform would be effective. Education society more on what the meanings of context of use and content would be more effective than trying to define the problem in multiple ways.I really didnt understand context or content until I went to college. Its pretty simple but applying it everyday wasnt something I did until college. Now everything I read or see on television I take with a grain of salt, until I research it a little more I dont oblige it true. This kind of education needs to be applied in primary learning structures. This would help greatly with structuring a well informed society.I felt the book was very informative, but difficult to read. I believe that this would make a very good book for educational structures to use. It awakened an issue in me that I knew was there, but really didnt think about too much. I believe this to be pretty true with much of society. Just yesterday a friend had mentioned something he had heard on the radio about making young school children in Australia stop sing a Christmas nervous strain that used the phrase Ho, Ho, Ho because of the implications of its meaning, whore.At first I was shocked and angry but after thinking awhile I first thought, the content wasnt probably reliable or it was taken totally out of context and if it had to do with a more important issue I would have r esearched the information to find the truth. This is why I believe media reformation is something that needs to be communicate but the key to the solution is education.Works CitedMcChesney, Robert W. The Problem of Media U.S. Communication Politics in the Twenty-First Century. sassy York Monthly Review Press, 2004.