The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is named...

The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is named for the brightly colored spikes that coat the legs. A. planci can grow up to 16 inches across and can have between 12 and 19 legs. The spikes coating A. planci hold poison that can cause temporary paralysis at the sting site and can also cause nausea in humans. A. planci can also regrow arms. At the end of each of the arms is an eyespot that can detect light and darkness, but can not detect color and shape (Fisher 2011). A. planci preys on coral and a single starfish can eat up to 10 sq. meters of coral each year. A. planci kills approximately 161 sq. cm. per day in the winter and 357-478 sq. cm. per day in the summer. In order to eat the coral, A. planci pulls its stomach out†¦show more content†¦The small shrimp, Hymenocera picta, is a general predator of all starfish and has been found to prey on A. planci at some locations. Pherecardia striata can only attack damaged A. planci and cause its death. Therefore, P. striata is regarded as a scavenger rather than as a predator. A. planci attracts many other scavengers who are able to tolerate A. planci’s horrible taste for the chance at a food source (Fisher 2011). There is increasing evidence in numerous scientific studies that show that widespread marine species can be highly structured genetically and may speciate very quickly. Genetic differentiation of populations in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans has been reported for coco nut crabs (Lavery et al. 1996), the starfish Linckia laevigata (Williams and Benzie 1997), butterfly fish (McMillan and Palumbi 1995), damsel fish (Lacson and Clark 1995), and the mangrove Avicennia marina (Duke et al. 1998). Despite the evidence of high gene flow within the Indian and the Pacific Oceans, this still holds true. This suggests that there is high dispersal over large areas. However, there is limited dispersal between zones. Contrary to the aforementioned data about other species, there is little genetic divergence of sibling species of sea urchins (Echinometra spp.) in the Pacific Ocean. This suggests recent speciation, but it also suggests rapid dispersal after speciation (Palumbi 1994). These discrepancies of results show that there is a need to

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Writing - 2567 Words

For every piece of literature there are numerous amounts of critics, formally called readers. Like a critic, the readers pick apart different pieces of a literary work to figure out the deeper meaning the author is trying to display. One thing that readers can pick up from a story is the amount of influence an author’s life has on their work. A good author develops the story or poem by digging deep in his or hers emotions. Throughout history, there have been numerous amounts of inspirational authors that have gone through hardships in their life, whose work has changed the way people view literature. One of the most notable authors to take his heartbreak and tie it into his writing is Edgar Allan Poe. Like Poe, some famous authors give the readers a window to view inside their head and their life. By looking at Poe’s gothic and romantic writings, his audience can see characteristics of himself mingled in parts of different literary elements. Before jumping into assumpti ons, it is important to learn a little background information on an author. Taking notes of what a writer went though in his or her life, may help a reader understand the overall purpose of that work. Looking at Poe’s hardships and what he went though helps justify the morbid mindset of his gothic work. Poe was born January 19, 1809 to his parents David and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. A little after Edgar was born, David Poe abandoned Elizabeth and their children, leaving them with no support. Soon after,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Writing Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagessetting is. Take Edgar Allen Poe for example. He’s a creepy, twisted man so he wrote creepy, twisted stories. This could be because of his experiences throughout his life or that is just what he likes. ZZ Packer on the other hand writes normal stories. There is nothing dark or twisted about her. Each of these authors gives you a different visualization in each of their stories. Edgar Allan Poe had a difficult life. He was born in Boston and was the second son of Eliza and David Poe. He had a brotherRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Writing874 Words   |  4 PagesAlabama reading and writing was not the most popular thing to do, it was just one of those things that people detest. Avondale was a place where life seems to have been sucked out, instead of grass mostly everybody had a yard full of dirt, there were gang symbols spray painted on nearly every wall/surface in sight, and everybody seemed to detest each other’s presence. It was just rough to grow up in Avondale, and the people that live in Avondale just did not see reading and writing as a skill or attributeRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesHumberto Orozco Mahoney 1102 MW 10:50 11/22/2015 E.A.P Edgar Allan Poe is famous for writing short stories that are themed particularly around death and the macabre. 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Biography of Richard Connell The famous writerRead MoreThe Tortured Poet : Edgar Allan Poe1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tortured Poet: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the pageRead MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Father of the Detective Story†: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreThe Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe1490 Words   |  6 Pages Edgar Allan Poe’s Short Stories Edgar Allan Poe is a much known author. He is known for writing dark and mysterious stories and poems. â€Å"His imaginative storytelling led to literary innovations, earning him the nickname Father of the Detective Story (Edgar Allan Poe Biography.com). When writing stories he wanted the readers to have that one emotion or feeling when reading his writing. Poe has very many stories he is known for two of those short stories being; â€Å"The Oval Portrait† and â€Å"The CaskRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Writing Style1303 Words   |  6 Pagesprovince of the poem† Poe, Edgar Allan. The Philosophy of Composition. 1846. The name Poe often brings to mind tales of horror and mystery, but this Poe was also a writer of sophisticated poems, capable of extreme poetic beauty within a dark genre of writing. Poe never lived the happiest of lives, but his writing is extraordinary, both for its execution, and for the sheer elegance of the words which he found to write upon the page. Death is among one of the recurring themes which Poe explored. Dark andRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sisterRead MoreWhy Should We Care?1748 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literary

Edward Scissorhands and Pleasantville Essay Example For Students

Edward Scissorhands and Pleasantville Essay Imagine moving to a completely new society where being different makes one an outcast. In order to make an effort to have a rightful place in a new society, change is introduced in a transformative manner and with painstaking consequences. The following movies introduce the protagonists in Tim Burton’s Edward Scissorhands and Gary Ross’s Pleasantville who enter into a new environment. Their impacts alter both societies and themselves. In both movies, the protagonists attempt to help their own society, but instead the civilization misunderstands their intentions. On the other hand, the antagonists take advantage of the protagonist’s lack of knowledge in a new environment. The introduction of strangers from the two films does guarantee a change, reminding one that altering one’s environment is not only life changing, but also painful. The two movies portray that when one tries to assist their community, they are misunderstood, often inflicting unintentional pain. Thus, Edward Scissorhands demonstrates that when the protagonist, Edward, attempts to make a positive change in society, it backfires. When welcomed into his new family, he is considered an outcast by his intimidating appearance, causing difficulties to enter a new society. For instance, Jim convinces Kim to manipulate Edward into breaking into Jim’s house, but Edward is unaware that he is exploited into burglary. Momentarily, Edward enters the house and he becomes isolated when the trespasser alarm starts ringing, accused of theft. Kim knowing the situation approaches Edward after realizing that â€Å"it must have been awful when they told you whose house it was† (Burton). Therefore proving that Kim is unsure of Edward but her opinion changes after mistreating him. Both Kim and Jim corrupt Edward’s innocence for wrongful intentions. Finally, Edward is easily misunderstood, although he attempts to make a good impression on society, it ricochets against him. In addition, Pleasantville is a movie about two modern teenagers, David and his sister Jennifer somehow transport into the recently trending television show, Pleasantville. The two are trapped as Bud and Mary Sue in a different dimension and make changes to the lives of the citizens of Pleasantville. When Mary Sue introduces the concept of pleasure, the townsfolk find it vulgar. For example, when Mary Sue meets Skip, she introduces an uncommon nature of intercourse. Later on, it becomes overrated and, the citizens find it disturbing. When Mary Sue goes to Lover’s Lane with Skip she tries to intimate with him. However to Mary Sue’s dismay, Skip questions, â€Å"Oh. What’s sex† (Ross)? Mary Sue introduces a foreign feeling to the citizens. The community is dismayed from unfortunate actions provoked by teenagers. Soon, these two films share a common theme, in which, when one tries to fit in a new society, change can be transformative and painful. The two films prove that in Edward Scissorhands and Pleasantville that creating change in a society unfortunately builds up consequences. Moreover, the antagonists are attempting to take control of the protagonists’ lack of knowledge towards a new environment. In addition, Edward Scissorhands proves how the antagonists think of ways to damage the protagonists’ chances of success. For example, Edward meets a woman who is in love with him. Edward does not accept the concept of love just yet; he views it as feelings of admiration. Marge is interested in Edward and she shows this through small actions like how she says, Edward I baked cookies for you (Burton). Marge clearly loves Edward but is immediately blinded as soon as Edward dismays her feelings. Marge changes her opinion of Edward forcing others to exclude Edward from fitting into society caused by self-issues. On the other hand, Pleasantville establishes the same concept, the TV host for his own desires forces an unknown society to the protagonists. .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .postImageUrl , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:hover , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:visited , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:active { border:0!important; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:active , .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92c987eb38a6d0a04a6f45e047eb4b7d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Documentary - The Fab Five EssayFor example, when Jennifer and David were enjoying their time together at home watching TV, the TV repairman forced them out of their comfort zone. The TV repairman suddenly blurts â€Å"Listen, uh, why take this remote instead? Its got a little more oomph in it. † The TV repairman is taking control of the protagonists for his own experiments out of curiosity. It is proven since there is no consent from either Jennifer or David. To conclude, both Edward Scissorhands and Pleasantville’s antagonists take control of the protagonists to foresee change in society. In conclusion, the protagonists from both films do guarantee a change, reminding one that changing one’s environment can suffer consequences. In order to prove this, Edward Scissorhands and Pleasantville support this theme. When the protagonists bring beneficial ideas to the society they are treated with disgusted reactions. Contrarily, the main characters are easily tricked for not knowing enough in their new society. Therefore, the two films demonstrate that the characters that feel that change is helpful in a society experience inflictions to their dismay. Bibliography: Edward Scissorhands. Dir. Tim Burton. By Caroline Thompson. Perf. Johnny Depp, Winona Ryder, and Dianne Wiest. Twentieth Century Fox, 1990. DVD. Pleasantville. Dir. Gary Ross. New Line Cinema, 1998. DVD.

World literature paper II Essay Example For Students

World literature paper II Essay With the native population of Cairo decimated, the Ottoman Turks are able to rule without the uprising of the suppressed peoples. Just in history, people of the same religion have killed each other to gain power over each other, as Amin Maalouf proves in the Book of Cairo. The final set of incidents in Leo Africanus is in the Book of Rome. The Christian reformers known as the Lansquenets led an uprising in Rome to separate them selves from the Catholic Church of Rome. Believing them to have the right to break apart from the Church, the Lansquenets sacked Rome, We will write a custom essay on World literature paper II specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Totally absorbed in their pillaging, orgies, and drunkenness. In Rome, the Lansquenets committed unchristian like actions against the innocents living in Rome, believing it was the necessity of their new religion, Lutheranism. Being secured in Castel San Angelo, Hasan describes the onslaught of the lansquenets and the destruction they have caused in Rome. By the God who caused me to traversed the wide world, by the God who has made me live through the torments of Cairo and those of Granada, I have never encountered such bestiality, such hatred, such bloody destruction, such pleasure in massacre, destruction and sacrilege! this quote proves that the Lansquenets use their authority of religion to commit the atrocities they committed in Rome. In sacking Rome, the Lansquenets would attack the Church by destroying the sacredness of church ideas. Would anyone believe me if I were to say that the nuns were raped on the alters of the churches before being strangled by laughing lansquenets? Since the nuns symbolize the Church, the Lansquenets defile the sacredness of the purity of the nuns as a way to express their rebellion against the Church. Would anyone believed me if I were to say that the monasteries were sacked, that the monks were relieved of the habits and forced under the threat of the whip to trample on the crucifix and proclaim that they worshipped the cursed Satan, that the old manuscripts from the libraries fed huge bonfires, around which drunken soldiers danced, that no sanctuary, no palace, no house, escaped being looted, that eight thousand citizens perished, mostly from among the poor, while the rich were held hostage until their ransom was paid? In this excerpt, Hasan describes how the Lansquenets destroyed most of Rome in order for them to gain their independence from the Papacy and the Catholic Church. It seems that the Lansquenets use their religion as an excuse to get rid of the churchs power and establish their own power in Europe. Although people commit atrocities to other people in the name of their religion, it is only a power struggle that lies beneath religion. During Hasans time, for example, the Castilians use their religion to eradicate the other religions in Spain, to make it a unified kingdom without the Muslims or Jews to threaten their rule. The Ottoman Turks use religion to kill off the native populace in Cairo so the Ottoman Turks are able to rule without the threat of other ethnic groups. The Lansquenets use religion to separate themselves from another power, in this case, the Catholic Church, and to establish their own power in Europe. In Leo Africanus, it is evident that people have committed appalling crimes in the name of religion, but its desire for power, not religion, that causes conflict with the other people in Hasans time. Work Cited Maalouf, Amin. Leo Africanus. Trans. Peter Sluglett. Chicago: New Amsterdam, 1992.

John Adams Essays (1589 words) - Adams Family,

John Adams John Quincy Adams was the only son of a president to become president. He had an impressive political background that began at the age of fourteen. He was an intelligent and industrious individual. He was a man of strong character and high principles. By all account, his presidency should have been a huge success, yet it wasn't. John Quincy Adams' presidency was frustrating and judged a failure because of the scandal, attached to his election, the pettiness of his political rivals, and his strong character. John Quincy Adams was born on July 1767, in Braintree Massachusetts. His parents were John and Abigail Adams. Quincy, had every advantage as a youngster. At the time of his birth, his father was an increasingly admired and prospering lawyer, and his mother Abigail Smith Adams, was the daughter of an esteemed minister, whose wife's family combined two prestigious and influential lines, the Nortons and the Quincys. Accompanying his father on diplomatic missions in Europe, young John Quincy Adams received a splendid education at private schools in Paris, Leiden, and Amsterdam, early developing his penchant for omnivorous reading. He was able to speak several languages. At the age of fourteen, he was asked to serve as secretary and translator to Francis Dana, the first US ambassador to Russia. Despite his age, young Adams was a valuable aid to the consul; he enjoyed Russia and the exposure to diplomatic circles. He later returned to the United States and attended Harvard. He graduated in two years and entered the law offices of Theophilus Parsons in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Passing the bar in 1790, he set up practice in Boston. In 1794 John began his long political career. George Washington appointed John Quincy Adams an Ambassador to the Netherlands. After his father was elected as the second president of the United States, he was reassigned to the post of minister to Prussia. He kept this post throughout his fathers term of office. After his fathers defeat to Thomas Jefferson he returned home. In 1802 he was elected to the Massachusetts senate, which sent him to the U. S senate the following year. He was also appointed to the Supreme Court, a membership he declined. President James Madison then appointed him to minister to Russia in 1809. He continued to serve his country and gained a well-respected reputation. Adding to his reputation was his brilliant and tough-minded performance as chief American peace commissioner in the negotiations at Gent that ended the War of 1812 and his effectiveness as minister to Great Britain during the last two years of the Madison administration. He continued to distinguish himself by negotiating a treaty with Spain. The Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain, concluded with Spain on February 22, 1819. Provided for the transfer of East and West Florida to the United States and the establishment of a border between Spanish and US territory running from the Gulf of Mexico to the Rocky Mountains and along the forty- second parallel to the Pacific ocean. Historians regard the treaty as a brilliant act of diplomacy, and Adams himself called its conclusion the most important event of my life. Many historians give credit to Adams for his contributions to the Monroe Doctrine. Adams also was the mind behind the Monroe Doctrine, which warned that the United States would oppose any European interference in the internal affairs of an American nation or further European colonization of territory in the Western Hemisphere. There was no doubt that Adams was a deserving candidate for the presidential election of 1824. He had held high diplomatic positions and displayed both aptitude and ability. He wanted to be President, but although Adams was the most distinguished member of the Monroe Cabinet, his successes were somewhat neutralized by his lack of friends and organizational backing He had also earned himself a reputation of being stubborn and unflexable. He had no problems speaking out against issues he felt were unjust. He also spoke out against his own political party. The son of a leading Federalist Party, Adams proved to be anything but a slavish devotee to that political cause. When he thought the party was in the wrong, he stood ready to oppose it. In fact, as

A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits Essay Example

A New House A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits Paper A New House-Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits Paper Purchasing a new home is a major financial decision people make when they are able to. Their ability to make this decision is largely determined by how well the economy is performing. Marginal costs and marginal benefits The strength of an economy can greatly affect the marginal costs of home ownership. This is done by allowing the home buyers to see the amount of home they are able to obtain at various points in the economy. When interest rates are lower, consumers are able to get more house for the same amount of money, as opposed to when they re higher. Marginal benefits are also affected by the strength of the economy since it allows consumers to easily see what they could get by purchasing a home, as opposed to renting. Tax deduction removal If the annual tax deduction on mortgage interest was removed, it could have a great affect on those that finance their homes. Since the amount they are credited with on their taxes can be up to several thousand dollars, it can mean many people are going to be without the potential savings safety net they could have once they file the following year. Despite eventually being able to own the home outright, some buyers may not see a difference with renting since there Is no benefit Involved. Changes in government spending and taxes When the government Introduces or takes away special programs, It makes a difference to those purchasing homes. A good example of that was the recent $8000 tax credit for making a home purchase. This was Introduced to help save the mortgage industry by giving more people the opportunity of homeownership with a government Issued credit. It served as a balance to the stricter loan requirements banks were going by as well.

Caring for an elderly person with Alzheimer's disease Essay

Caring for an elderly person with Alzheimer's disease - Essay Example Last year, my grandmother of eighty-seven years of age finally succumbed to disease. I can explain with certainty that it was a long and painful demise. People that develop Alzheimer’s disease change. First thing to go is the memory. Many people have regular memory issues, but when they repeat themselves constantly, occasionally are violently angry, and are taken over by dementia, caring for them becomes extremely difficult. Alzheimer’s is an unfortunate and incurable disease that affects a great deal of people. Family members, caretakers, and nursing homes are frequently burdened with patients with this terrible disease. These are some of the many reasons why I have chosen caring for those with Alzheimer’s as my topic for the final paper.   Slowly but surely, ‘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients lose their memory and their cognitive abilities, and even their personalities may change dramatically. These changes are due to the progressive dysfunction and death of nerve cells that are responsible for the storage and processing of information. Although drugs can temporarily improve memory, at present there are no treatments that can stop or reverse the inexorable neurodegenerative process. But rapid progress towards understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that are responsible for the neuron’s demise may soon help in developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies’ (Mattson 2004). ... To avoid Alzheimer’s, Mattson suggests mental as well as physical exercise, a low calorie low saturated fat diet, and specifically targeted drugs. Although not required to understand the article, I believe it helped me to have a brief neuromotor background from my exercise science classes. This is a well cited and well written article, but definitely on the level of neuroscience. Mattson suggested ways to avoid Alzheimer’s, but lacks findings and I would recommend long term follow up studies.   ‘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently affects nearly 2% of the population in industrialized countries; the risk of AD dramatically increases in individuals beyond the age of 70 and it is predicted that the incidence of AD will increase threefold within the next 50 years’ (alz.org). Alzheimer's is a brain disease that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. â€Å"It’s overwhelming, worse every day,† Mrs. Dillon said in Jane Gross’ article ‘Alzheimer’s in the living room: how one family rallies to cope’, â€Å"I don’t have any life. Whatever happened to the golden years? Both of us have been robbed of everything we worked for.† The Dillons' ordeal is familiar to families of the 4.5 million American men and women with Alzheimer's disease, which progressively destroys the cerebral cortex and thus the ability to think, communicate and comprehend. The number of afflicted will more than triple to 14 million by midcentury, according to health care experts and demographers. For their caregivers, life is a

Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management Research Paper

Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems - Research Paper Example It also resulted in increased operational cost. The SCM and the CRM have enabled to increase profitability of the firms by increasing the speed and efficiency of the overall process, however have enabled to lower the operational costs. Therefore, in future as well the organizations are required to make use of these two modern management systems in order to stay out of competition in this increasing globalised business environment. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Approach of SCM and its Benefits in Comparison to Traditional Management Systems 5 Approach of CRM and its Benefits in Comparison to Traditional Management Systems 8 Recommendation and Conclusion 11 References 13 Bibliography 16 Introduction In this age of competition and altering environment of business, it is important to perform certain multifaceted processes in business. These business processes require to be performed in order to make profits and also for the successful existence of enterprises or organizations. The competition is increasing with every passing day and so it is important for enterprises to employ technologies which would facilitate in saving on time, reducing expenses as well as provide assurance regarding the quality of the products. The application of information technologies (IT) and information systems (IS) so as to systematize decide on and deal with huge volumes of information that has proved to be of immense help for the enterprises. The implementation of these technologies has facilitated effective operational deals, mechanization of processes as well as activities and even decision making. The recent additions in the field of technologies were in the form of Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The execution of these technologies have assisted the enterprises or organizations to arrange their business operations in an efficient manner which further assists in saving time as well reduce the exp enses of the organizations (Mukhopadhyay, 2011). Approach of SCM and its Benefits in Comparison to Traditional Management Systems SCM is said to be a collection of planned coordinated behaviors as well as judgments which are made use of in order to proficiently put together the producers, transporters, suppliers, warehouses, customers and the retailers. It is done so as to make certain that the correct and the appropriate service or the product is being circulated in the accurate quantities to the appropriate destinations and also at the accurate time. This technology and system of coordinated behaviors facilitates in bringing down the system-wide expenses along with fulfilling the extent of service necessities of the customers. The execution of this technology would also assist the organizations and enterprises in attaining competitive advantage (Mukhopadhyay, 2011; Seghal, 2011). The supply chain entails operations of the inner supply chain, a system of the upstream supplier along with system of downstream distribution. Supply chain also involves the logistic operations which smoothens the progress of the substantial material flow starting from the producer of the raw materials to its manufacturers and lastly to the end customers (World Scientific Books, 2011; Bibiano & Et. Al., 2007). The inner supply chain of an organization or a manufacturing enterprise engages sourcing of resources, manufacturing and then distributing the manufactured products. Sourcing of resources or procuring with regard to a manufacturing firm means the

Movie in 1980-1989 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Movie in 1980-1989 - Essay Example Krishna, a 10 year old kid lives in a remote rural area in India. Fed up of the bossing by his brother he sets his bike on fire and bears the wrath of his mother. She takes him to a circus and leaves him there asking him to earn Rs. 500 to repay for bike repair or not to come home. Krishna finds employment by doing petty jobs for the circus owner in hope of earning the amount and returning home. One fine day the owner orders him to get local liquor from a far away shop. Its take tremendous time and energy for Krishna to find it buy it and get back to the circus site, by the time the circus had left. With only some change in pocket and no courage to return to his mother, he sets out for the biggest city of India – Bombay. On his arrival he meets some local goons and is robbed off his money in light of his powerlessness and innocence. He follows the goons with courage and eventually befriends them. They lead him to the biggest brothel of Bombay at Falkland Road near Grant Road Railway Station. One of the goon and a drug addict, ‘Chillum’ who is also one of the main characters in the movie helps krisna to get a job with a tea stall owner. Days become week, weeks turn into months and years in hope of returning home. Not a day passes when Krishna asks his boss if he has Rs. 500 in his account by now but is always turned away. Change comes in his monotonous laborious life when a new prostitute, a virgin, ‘Sola Saal’ is brought to the brothel. He is so infatuated with the 16 year old girl that he sets the brothel room to fire in order to elope with her but in vain. He loses his job and does odd jobs with Chillum to survive. Meanwhile his friend Chillum is deteriorating in health and moneywise and he keeps on helping him time and again. Life is again monotonous until one night when he and his goon friends plan to rob an old Parsi man. While his life is being shown, a parallel story runs of another prostitute who has married with

Applications of 3D Printing Technology

Applications of 3D Printing Technology Lara Soueid Abstract What if we could simply print a bone when we have a shattered one? This has now become possible due to the three-dimensional (3D) printing innovation. 3D technology In our days, technology is advancing at a very rapid pace. Out of the many recent innovations is the three dimensional (3D) technology. It has been exploited in various industries such as the movie production, television, computers, and printers industries. This technology has just recently been introduced into the medical field, more specifically, the 3D printers (Walker A, 2013). There are various medical applications of the 3D printers; some of these are to print prosthetic limbs, and implants. So far, there are many advantages, yet also a few disadvantages to the latter. The three dimensional technology relies on the fact that we see things in 3D by our eyes in our daily, that is we visualize objects by their width, length and depth (3deyehealth.org June12, 2014). The process by which our eyes perceive three dimensional images from two highly similar overlaid images was first described by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838 (Sniderman Z, 2011). Another name for 3D is stereoscopy; it explains how our eyes and our brain create an impression of a third dimension. Our eyes are approximately 50-75mm apart, hence each eye perceives a slightly different image which the brain merges using some high powered geometry which is basically the 3D concept (Sniderman Z, 2011). Modern 3D technology is trying to replicate what the brain does to merge the images. This technology tricks the brain in order to perceive two different images from the same source (Wong KV, Hernandez A, 2012).There are multiple uses of the 3D technology, mainly architecture, the movie industry, printing and gaming (Sniderman Z, 2011). 3D printing has recently been on the rise, these machines are able to make anything from simple materials. By doing so they replace traditional factory production lines and make everything in life much easier, a person can easily print a cup or chair, or even a house (Walker A, 2013). 3D printing technologies There are various 3D printing technologies being used, namely selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) (Pravas VS, 2013). The SLS printers use a very powerful laser in order to heat and bind the printing material into the required 3D object by scanning the cross sections generated from the 3D digital file. When each cross section is scanned, the powder bed is automatically lowered one layer thickness and new material is placed above it. The object is surrounded and supported by the same powder it is made from. This process is repeated until the object is complete (Deckard C, Beaman J, Bourell D, 2012). Figure 1: Selective Laser Sintering process, Martello.co.uk, June 12, 2014. The second type is the FDM printers, these printers use a process by which thick filaments are melted and forced through a heated nozzle which forms the object. Once the first layer is formed, the base is lowered and the second layer begins forming and fusing with the first layer. However unlike the SLS, these printers require two different materials, the thick filaments in order to make the object and a support material which surrounds and supports the object while it is being made (Deckard et al., 2012). Figure 2: Fused Deposition Modeling process, 3dprinterplans.info, June 12, 2014. The last type of printers are the SLA printers, these printers use liquid photopolymer resin as the basic material. Photopolymers are materials that are sensitive to light, once exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, they will immediately harden. The UV laser beam traces a cross section of the object onto the resin, which immediately curs when it is exposed to the light (3ders.org, March 14, 2013). The base then lowers and the top is coated with more resin which again gets exposed to UV light hence hardens and mends to the lower layer. This process is repeated until the object is completed (Deckard et al., 2012). Figure 3: Stereolithography printing process. Pravas VS, 2013. The latter are all additive manufacturing processes which require the help of computers. The 3D object blueprint to be printed must first be modeled three dimensionally on a computer software, most commonly using the computer aided design (CAD) software. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), as well as computed tomography (CT) scan can also be used (Pravas VS, 2013). The CAD file is converted into a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file which transforms the geometry into small triangles, a header, or a triplet list of x, y and z coordinates. This file is then sliced into cross sections exactly as the printer will print, this file is called a G-Code file which can now be directly interpreted by the printer (Wong KV, Hernandez A, 2012). Table 1: Comparison of 3D printing processes. (3dprinteplans.info, June 12, 2014) There are various applications to 3D printing, such as architecture, automotive, engineering, fashion and numerous others. However the most important applications are the use of 3D printers in medicine to produce implants and prosthetics (3dprinterplans.info, 2014, June 12). Throughout the world, poverty is increasing and living costs as well as the medical costs are also increasing. A prosthetic arm for an amputee would cost on average $3,000 to $30,000 depending on the patient’s age, activities, profession and his health hence making it impossible for anyone except the rich population to be able to buy a prosthetic arm or foot (Turner R, 2009). Lucky for the third world countries people, as well as the middle class people, a novel technology will solve the latter issue. The innovation of the 3D printers has and will change many lives. The process of printing a prosthetic hand relies on the FDM technology. The material used is most often high-performance thermoplastics which are biocompatible, and the average price of a 3D printed prosthetic arm is about $200 (Stratasys Ltd, 2014, June 12). The 3D production of prosthetics is not only cheaper, faster and more practical, it is a revolution which allows every amputee of living a normal life again. The main problem in producing a prosthetic arm or leg is the need of a blueprint or prototype. The patient’s limb is scanned using a CT scanner or a laser-based scanner, this image is then converted into a G-Code file which can be directly printed by the printer in order to produce a new very similar limb (Andrews TM, 2013). There was also a problem of printing the socket (the part that will be attached to the amputated limb) accurately (Stratasys Ltd, 2014, June 12). However this has all been solved by the open end prototypes and blueprints available for everyone to use (Stratasys Ltd, 2014, June 12). Sydney Kendall is a thirteen year old girl from St.Louis, her right arm was amputated due to a boating accident when she was six years old. Senior students in the Washington University in St.Louis studying biomedical engineering printed a prosthetic arm using plastic as the raw material for Sydney. The total cost was only $200. This prosthetic is powered by a battery and controlled by an accelerometer allowing her to move her prosthetic fingers (Washington University in St.Louis Newsroom [WUSTL], 2014). The most recent 3D printed prosthetic hand is the â€Å"Flexy-hand†, produced by Gyrobot Ltd by Steve Wood. This prosthetic arm looks very similar to a natural human hand and it operates like one too. He has used Filaflex flexible filaments which form tendons that are activated by a motor that allows the prosthetic hand to operate very much like a normal human hand. (Krassenstein E, 2014) Maxillofacial prosthetics are also being produced by 3D printers. Usually the conventional maxillofacial prosthetics production requires that an impression from the trauma site is taken, then a plaster positive should be formed, a mould should be made and the specific shape must be carved in the wax, lastly it must be casted in silicone. This is very laborious, time consuming and expensive to be done. Using the 3D technology, the patient’s face should be 3D-scanned, this image will then be converted to the appropriate file to print the perfectly fitting prosthetic part (Wainwright O, 2014, June 12). 3D-printed titanium shoulder and collar bone implants were successfully implanted into three different patients suffering from cancerous bone tumors in Xi’an, China. The bone design was printed using the selective laser sintering technique which fused titatium powder into the exact shape of the patient’s bone. The implants do not cause infections and are very durable and resistant (Zeng C, 2014). This has also been done in the United Kingdom for a cancer patient (Moore G, 2014). Soon, 3D printing will replace manufacturing industries and save millions of lives. Various kinds of implants such as knee caps, skulls, auditory devices, and jaw bones have already been produced by a 3D printer and have successfully been implanted. There are 2 astonishing cases whose patients have been given a second chance to live due to 3D printers. The first case is Stephen Power, he is a survivor of a motorbike accident that shattered his face. His face was reconstructed at Morrison Hospital in Swansea, however, his entire face was reconstructed using custom made 3D printed models, plates, implants and guides. The surgical team used CT scans to create symmetrical 3D models of Power’s skull which they then printed, implanted, and held in place using a printed titanium implant (Griffith H, 2014). The second case is of a 22 year old woman from the Netherlands who had her skull replaced by a 3D printed skull implant. She suffered from a chronic bone disorder which increases the thickness of her skull, neurosurgeons at the University Medical Centre Utrecht pr inted a perfectly fitting durable plastic skull implant (University Medical Center Utrecht [UMCU] research news, 2014). Dr.Bon Verweij of the UMCU says: â€Å"Its now three months after the operation. The patient has fully regained her vision, she has no more complaints, shes gone back to work and there are almost no traces that she had any surgery at all. The printing process of prosthetics and implants requires hours to a few days maximum. There aren’t any documented reactions to the prosthesis or implants, they are cheaper, more durable, more resistant, less laborious and they are FDA approved (Pollack SK, Coburn J, 2013). However the main disadvantage is the expensive price of the printer and the designing program. Most prototypes are open ended and available online for modification and many hospitals and universities now have 3D printers (Stratasys Ltd, 2014, June 12). With the increasing popularity and availability of 3D printers, we are finally ableto create prosthetics and implants under $1000. Even though alternative production methods are present, they are not available to the people that need them most due to their high cost. They are cheap, fast, References 3deyehealth organization team. Seeing in 3D. Retrieved June 12, 2014, from www.3deyehealth.org 3dprinterplans team. (2014, May 6). How To 3D Print – Beginner’s Guide To 3D Printing. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://3dprinterplans.info/how-to-3d-print-beginners-guide-to-3d-printing/ Andrews TM. (2013, August 23). Can we really 3D print limbs for amputees? The atlantic magazine. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/can-we-really-3-d-print-limbs-for-amputees/278987/ Deckard C, Beaman J, Bourell D. (2012, December 7). [Interviews in the University of Texas]. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.me.utexas.edu/news/2012/0712_sls_history.php#ch4. Griffith H. (2014, March 12). Pioneering 3D printing reshapes patient’s face in Wales. BBC news. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-26534408 Krassenstein E. (2014, March 10). The Flexy-Hand – The Most Innovative, Useful, Realistic Looking 3D Printed Prosthetic Hand Yet. 3D print blog. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://3dprint.com/1500/the-flexy-hand-3d-printed-prosthetic/ Moore G. (2014, February 11). Surgeons have implanted a 3-D printed pelvis into a U.K. cancer patient. Fierce Medical Devices Newsletter. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.fiercemedicaldevices.com/story/surgeons-have-implanted-3-d-printed-pelvis-uk-cancer-patient/2014-02-11 Pollack SK, Coburn J. (2013, August 15). FDA goes 3-D. FDA voice. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2013/08/fda-goes-3-d/ Pravas VS. (2013). 3D Printing – ‘Modern Manufacturing Rapid Prototyping’. Engineers Garage. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/what-is-3d-printing-modern-manufacturing-and-rapid-prototyping?page=1 Scheineder Prototyping Limited members. Rapid Prototyping Stereolithography (SLA) Models. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.martello.co.uk/rapid_prototyping.htm Sniderman Z. (2011, February 07). How Does 3D Technology Work? The Innovative Entertainment Series – Dolby. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://mashable.com/2011/02/07/how-does-3d-work/ Stratasys limited. FDM technology case studies. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies/medical Turner R. (2009, May 30). Prosthetics costs. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.disabled-world.com/assistivedevices/prostheses/prosthetics-costs.php University Medical Center Utrecht newsroom. (2014, March 27). University Medical Center Utrecht – Netherlands. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.umcutrecht.nl/research/news/2014/03/3d-printed-skull-implanted-in-patient.htm Wainwright O. Faces to order: how 3D printing is revolutionizing prosthetics. The guardian. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2013/nov/08/faces-3d-printing-prosthetics Walker A. (2013, June 21). 3D printing for dummies: How do 3D printers work? The independent newspaper. Retrieved 2014, June 12 from http://www.independent.co.uk/ Washington University in St.Louis Newsroom. ( 2014, May 7). WUSTL students print pink prosthetic arm for teen girl. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/26901.aspx Wong KV, Hernandez A.( 2012). A Review Of Additive Manufacturing. ISRN Mechanical Engineering. Volume 2012. Article ID 208760. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/208760. Zeng C. (2014, June 3). In China, world’s first successful 3D-printed shoulder and collar bone implants. 3ders organization newsroom. Retrieved 2014, June 12, from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20140603-in-china-world-first-successful-3d-printed-shoulder-and-collar-bone-implants.html

Lord of the Flies: The Darkness of Man’s Heart

William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is more than a tale about a group of boys stranded on an island during World War II. Life free from rules of society and adults seems like paradise, but it quickly turns into hell on earth. The boys face the ultimate challenge of remaining civilized without supervision or guidelines. Many elements are found within Lord of the Flies: breakdown of civilization, avoidance of truth, and assumed innocence. These elements appear to be the message Golding is trying to convey. However, carefully analyzing the novel, the reader is able to detect symbolism. The author hides powerful messages behind his characters and other objects on the island. Through the use of symbolism, Golding reveals that humans detached from society’s rules allow their innate evil to dominate their existence. By introducing the characters of Ralph and Piggy, Golding shows his first use of symbolism. He introduces them as well-bred British boys and uses them to reflect man’s nature within society. Ralph represents civilized man, and Piggy symbolizes the intelligence of civilization.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? Ralph is elected leader because he has the appearance, common sense, and his possession of the conch makes him respected (Golding 22). Since he has been elected leader, he is able to enforce rules to govern the island. These rules include: building shelters, collecting drinking water, keeping the rescue fire lit, and proper sanitation (Golding 80-81). Even though Ralph has possession of the conch and is the chosen leader, he relies on Piggy’s intellect. Piggy knows that their arrival on the island has something to do with the war (Fitzgerald and Kayser 82). He also knows the shell is a conch and its use. Due to their plane crash, he realizes that there are other survivors on the island. Therefore, he instructs Ralph to blow the conch in order to gather the others (Fitzgerald and Kayser 81). Piggy is intelligent, but he has many shortcomings: unable to enforce rules, obese, asthmatic, lacks common sense and is unable to empathize with the group (Fitzgerald-Kayser 83), and unable to express his thoughts (Dicken-Fuller 15). Piggy’s shortcomings solidifies him as an outcast and the subject of mockery; he is a product of civilization but incapable of becoming a leader. It is no surprise that Golding allows these two to discover the conch shell, which is used to represent assembly and rational behavior (Dicken-Fuller 15-16) (Kinkhead-Weekes and Gregor 18). It was the discovery of the conch that brought Ralph and Piggy together, and their meeting is the first assembly. The first time Ralph blows the conch, the boys dispersed all over the island automatically respond and rush toward the sound, and the group is unified. Ralph sets a new rule regarding the conch: anyone with possession of the shell has the right to speak. This requires the boys to act civilized during an assembly. Since the boys have been recently placed out of society, their mannerly conduct remains intact which allows them to respect the conch and obey the rules Ralph has set. As the novel progresses, civility fades and the reader realizes that the boys’ true nature was covered by the rules of society. Golding uses Jack’s character to represent the acceptance of primitiveness and disregard for civilized behavior. When Jack allows his beast, his innate evil, to master him, he no longer has the desire to surround himself with civility. Jack uses his savagery, power, persuasion, and hunting skills to entice others to join him in exercising their beasts. This causes the once unified group to separate: democracy and rational society led by Ralph and the dictatorship, barbaric tribe led by Jack (Selby 57). During the group’s breakup, Ralph wishes for a sign from the adult world that will show him how to reassemble the group. Ironically, the sign given is a dead pilot falling from the sky. The dead pilot distinguishes war, death, and destruction (Dicken-Fuller 15). The body also indicates literally and figuratively â€Å"fallen man† (Dickson13), and that the adult world’s civilization is disintegrating just like the society on the island (Selby 58). Golding’s introduction of Ralph and Piggy showcases how man attempts to cling to his genteel values, but Jack’s breakdown shows that humans will eventually allow their nature as innate savages to govern their lives. Some may argue the validity of man’s inborn wickedness by stating that man has been able to create prosperous civilizations throughout history. Likewise, Ralph’s civilization attempts to survive and thrive for a brief period. During that time, the boys were accustomed to following rules, but Jack’s disobedience proves that man’s barbarity, the beast, is not destroyed but it is instead hidden behind the rules of society. Golding uses the contrast of his characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack to establish that with time, the darkness of man’s heart will eventually emerge, master their life, and lead to the breakdown of society (Fitzgerald and Kayser 78) (Baker 23). Golding’s next essential use of symbolism is provided when the conch is smashed. This action indicates the collapse of civilization and the acceptance of savagery. Ralph and Piggy adore the conch because it represents the order of civilization. When Ralph uses the conch, it forces the boys to act responsibly by reason and not irrationally by impulse. Since the conch is destroyed, there is no value of the rules that initially governed the island; the boys gradually morph into savages (Dickson 16). Since Jack has chosen to accept his beast, he does not care about the affect of shattering the conch (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 21). Golding uses Jack to represent savagery through his description of Jack’s hunting tactics and nakedness. In the opening chapters, Jack is the leader of the choir, and he and the choir are associated with darkness and violence. They are described as dark creatures with black caps and cloaks hide their faces (Dickson 26). Jack has a thirst for power and a desire to control others (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 41). Under his leadership, he encourages others to embrace their savagery as well; fear and temptation drives others to join his tribe. The temptation he uses to entice others to join him is a feast. With the success of the feast, it gives Jack an additional menacing characteristic, a new persona called Chief. The creation of Chief feeds into Jack’s thirst for power. (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 46). Since Jack is embracing his beast and willing to exercise dark desires and violence (Dickson 24), he needs followers that will relinquish their beasts as well. Jack’s leadership allows his followers to become hunters and to accept their savagery as well (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 28). Golding uses Ralph and the contrast of Roger’s character and to portray the emergence of his beast and the affect Jack has on his followers. Before giving in to his beast, Roger under the rules of civilization is able to throw stones at Henry intentionally missing â€Å"here invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life (Golding 62). † Roger intentionally misses because he knows his beast his beast is trying to direct his actions. He is only able to deter the impulse of actually hitting Henry by trying to remember what is considered right and wrong actions in society. Instead of granting his beast full control, he tempts it. Golding describes the moment Roger completely yields to his beast. It was during the reenactment of the pig hunt, which was Ralph’s first hunt. Jack and his hunters circle around the pig, Robert, and begin to poke him with sticks. The innocent reenactment becomes violent; Robert’s screams of pain go unnoticed because their beasts overcome all of the boys. Roger is fighting to get closer, and Ralph is fighting to get near, to get a handful of flesh, the desire to squeeze and hurt was mastering (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 50). Roger submits to his beast, and Ralph awakens his beast that he has been trying to suppress. Since Roger has lost traits of civility, he joins Jack’s tribe and become known as ‘Executioner and Torturer’ (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 60) (Golding 180-181). When the tribe hunts, they cover their faces with â€Å"dazzle paint,† creating a mask that liberates them from feeling guilty about the sinister acts they perform (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 33) (Page 120). The hunters begin hunting as a way to get food but this quickly changes. They become obsessed with bloodlust, killing as a sign of oppression (Page 120). The killing of the sow nursing her piglets is an example of their bloodlust. She is vulnerable, but they force themselves upon her and kill her to act out their oppression (Dickson 15). Eventually, they hunt human prey: Simon, Piggy, and Ralph (Dickson 18). Simon’s character symbolizes man’s flawed nature. Golding uses Simon to symbolize a prophet and Christ-like character. Simon avoids exercising his beast by going into the forest and being alone. During this time, man’s human nature reveals itself to him. Simon’s prediction that Ralph will be rescued shows his prophet-like action. Simon is the only character that understands that the beast is inside themselves, not just in evil forces and bad men but everyone (Page 115; Kinkhead-Weekes and Kayser 45). During his conversation with the sow’s head it tells him â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m apart of you†¦ (Golding 143). † He also climbs the mountain in order to confront the other external beast, the pilot. As Simon gazes into the marred face of the pilot, he is able to witness the evil of the adult world, which is the same evil that is within them. He unties the pilot from the rock; this shows that one must confront the beast in order to be free from it. When he initially tries to voice his opinion about the beasts being within themselves, the group mocks him. He tries to reveal the truth about the beast again, but he is violently killed. When he stumbles out of the forest they act like animals they â€Å"leapt onto the beast, screamed, struck, bit, and tore. No words no movement but the tearing of teeth and claws (Golding 153). † Simon’s death not only shows how savagery has completely take over the boys, but it also shows how he represents a Christ-like figure, and if his revelation were accepted, it would give the salvation on the island (Dicken-Fuller 14; Fitzgerald and Kayser 85). In order to avoid facing the truth of Simon’s murder, the boys construct a tribal dance, which is used as a cover up to hide the guilt of murder. Out of fear, they create an image of an external beast represented by the Lord of the Flies, the sow’s head (Page 115; Dicken-Fuller 14) and the pilot (Page 118). Piggy tries to give an intellectual explanation of the beast and fear. In Piggy’s mind, there is no beast because they only created it out of fear. He also tries to rationalize Simon’s murder by calling it an accident and saying that Simon shouldn’t have been playing in the dark, stumbling out of the forest, and scaring them. Even though he represents intelligence, Piggy is unable to see the beast for what it really is (Fitzgerald and Kayser 83). Due to the fact that Jack refuses to look at his inner beast, he believes the beast is a creature that can be won over by a sacrifice (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 45). Golding uses Simon’s character, his death, and the tribal dance to signify that even though man reverts his darkness, he has to acknowledge it in order to be free from the beast. Through the use of symbolism, the characters resort to exercising their innate evil is exposed. Critics believe that Lord of the Flies is a representation of a loss of innocence because Golding illustrates the surrender to savage impulses, murder, losing one’s identity, and corruption of the island through children. Their youthful innocence tarnishes as evil is allowed to permeate and transform them from English schoolboys to savage beasts (Dicken-Fuller 13). Their innocence becomes undeniably altered since they possess the ability to commit the immoral act of murder. Golding demonstrates through there actions that there wasn’t really a loss of innocence because the children had the innate capability to sin. Their inner darkness reflects through their outer appearance. They are content with their uncleanness; it has been accepted as normal (Kinkhead-Weekes and Gregor 40). The murders of Simon and Piggy show that the boys have made the same decision that the adults in war have (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 47). Anytime the chant â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood† and the dance are in use the boys have a tendency to lose themselves (Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor 51). They turn into savages overcome by the beast and they lose their identities. Jack loses his civilized identity when he wears the mask and has his tribe refer to him as â€Å"Chief. In the beginning of the novel, Percival Madison is introduced. He is able to recite his full name and address. By the end of the novel, Percival allows his inborn sinful nature to control him, and he doesn’t remember his name. Not only does the beast corrupt the boys, but the island is corrupt as well. The island is descr ibed like the Garden of Eden: bright sun, lagoon, sweet air, and ripe fruits (Dickson 13; Kinkead-Weekes and Gregor). It appears to be an earthly paradise (Page 118). The boys are like Adam and Eve living in the Garden of Eden with the ability to sin (Dicken-Fuller 16). The corruption of the island begins with the creepers. Creepers appear to snakes at night. Then eating too many fruits results with the schoolboys having diarrhea. Critics argue that literally eating too many fruits has this outcome, but it could represent that the boys’ sinful bodies are no longer fit for the island, Garden of Eden (Dickson 20). During the hunting of Ralph, the island is set on fire. The island went from an earthly paradise to a burning hell (Dickson 13). Another symbolic meaning of the island’s burning would be that its beauty is degraded by the boys’ presence (Page 118). In conclusion, being stranded on an island with no rules or supervision is initially viewed as an earthly paradise. Numerous ideas like the breaking down of society, ignoring the truth, and assuming the truth. In contrast, if one carefully dissects the novel, the use of symbolism is clearly present. Golding uses his characters and additional articles on the island to demonstrate that man is inherently immoral. Man’s immorality is concealed by the rules governing society. Once man is liberated from rules, he will eventually allow his dark desires to dominate his being.

Lecture Notes Beowulf Essay

Genre A heroic folk epic rooted in the oral tradition of the Anglo Saxons, Beowulf is an anonymous poem committed to paper by an unknown Christian monk in 1000 Common Era, some 300 years after it was first composed. The manuscript is part of a document known as Cotton Vitellus A housed in a British Library. Beowulf belongs to the epic genre of long, narrative poems dealing with heroic deeds against a background of war and the supernatural and themes of grandeur and significance. Full of legendary myths and somber, elegiac cadences, it has been composed in the Anglo Saxon vernacular and can be classed amongst other great epics such as the Illiad, Odyssey, Aenied and Paradise Lost to name a few. The name Beowulf is a kenning, Bee-Hunter reflecting the warrior heritage of the central character Basic Plot The poem is eponymously named for its hero Bewoulf, a great warrior and later King, who sets out to rescue King Hrothgar and his people from the monster Grendel. During the course of the poem, we see Beowulf slaying first Grendel and then his revenge seeking mother. Beowulf’s final conflict takes place with the Dragon angered by the plundering of the treasure it is guarding. Structure of the Poem There are three prevailing views as to the structure of the poem: -the structure is defined by the three increasingly difficult conflicts Beowulf faces -the structure can also be viewed in terms of kingship for instance, young Beowulf and old Beowulf with a different set of problems to be faced during each phase -the structure is that of interlacing of memories with narratives of present, a cyclical process of action, memory and reflection Background Although the poem is rooted in the Anglo Saxon as well as early Christian traditions, it reflects two distinct value systems frequently at odds with each other. For instance, in line with its Anglo-Saxon origins, the poem celebrates the Germanic heroic code, which, exemplifying the pagan warrior culture, lays stress upon family ties, genealogy, immortality through fame and revenge for wrongs done to one’s kith and kin. It values ancestral heritage and individual reputation. Christianity, on the other hand, believes in immortality in terms of the afterlife and teaches that vengeance is best left to God. Bewoulf and Grendel Bewoulf is not just a warrior and king. He also serves as a cultural ideal and as an incarnation of Anglo Saxon values and beliefs. The ‘Cain-descended’ Grendel, with his innate desire to tear asunder whatever has integrity, represents chaos and disorder, in contrast to Bewoulf, who represents order and cosmos. Grendel is the ultimate exile. Unferth Unferth acts as a foil to Beowulf by accentuating through contrast the character of the latter. He redeems his earlier verbal taunting (flyting) of Beowulf by offering him his sword in a later conflict. Literary devices/techniques Litotes-understatement e. g, ‘Cain had no pleasure from that find’ Kenning-metaphorical descriptions combining two words to offer evocative alternative to original Caesura-a pause in the line of a poem Alliteration- In language, alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases.

Juvenile Court Personnel Essays

Juvenile Court Personnel Essays Juvenile Court Personnel Essay Juvenile Court Personnel Essay As a prosecutor, factors that would make me not prosecute a juvenile offender is the age, history of crime, and the severity of the offense. Also, I would look at the intent to commit a crime, and request psychiatric evaluations of the offender. Some juveniles may have mental problems that make them commit certain crimes. A mental evaluation may enable the court to determine whether the offender knows how to differentiate right from wrong. Office of the United States Attorneys (n.d) indicates that Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1938 gave the Attorney General the right to prosecute juvenile offenders with the exceptions of offenses punishable by death or imprisonment. As a prosecutor, I would suggest probation or community service for a juvenile offender who has committed minor crimes. The reason is that children can receive redemption and reform quickly. More so, some juveniles lack a sense of maturity and responsibility. Probation and community service might make the offender avoid future crimes. Furthermore, factors that I would consider regarding waiving the case to an adult court would be the nature of the alleged crime, age, rehabilitative prospects, maturity, and history of crimes. A juvenile who is 16, 17 or 18 and has committed crimes such as murder or robbery with violence may be transferred to adult court depending on the severity and recurrences of their crimes. US Department of Justice (2011) notes that in presumptive waiver cases, a juvenile who meets age, transgression, or other legislative inceptions must present waivers disproving the presumption or the courts will grant a waiver, and the juvenile will be transferred to a criminal court. The bulletin indicates that before the court waives the case to an adult court, they have to confirm that all the legal necessities are met. References Office of the United States Attorneys. (n.d). 116. Juvenile Delinquency Prosecution Introduction. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/usam/criminal-resource-manual-116-juvenile-delinquency-prosecution-introduction US Department of Justice. (2011). Trying Juveniles as Adults: An Analysis of State Transfer Laws and Reporting. National Report Series. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232434.pdf

Free Essays on Prayer In Schools

It’s nine-thirty on a Monday morning do you know where your kids are or what they are doing? Assuming that your children are in school in one of the 29 states that allow a moment of silence in public classrooms, they could be praying. That’s right, praying in a building owned by the United States government that is supported by the same government that in 1962 decided in the Supreme Court case of Engle vs. Vitale that the Establishment of the First Amendment prohibited school-sponsored prayer. In light of the recent tragedies, such as the terrorist attacks on America and the Columbine High school shootings, the debate has become more popular in the media and in the federal legislature. Should prayer or moments of silence be allowed in schools? The debate over this controversial topic is very impassioned on both sides, conservatives characteristically support legislation that allows a moment of silence, while liberals oppose such legislation. I plan to represent both positions taken on the topic of school prayer or moment of silence. This will include the argument for and against moments of silence, as well both sides of the student initiated prayer debate along with my view on prayer in schools. Currently state governments have the power to make the decision on whether to allow their schools to admit a moment of silence in their public school systems. Virginia is just one of the states that allow a moment of silence in its schools. One problem this proposes is in regards to grade school students. Grade school students often do not know what the moment of silence is about, nor are their teachers given the guidelines to explain the moment of silence. Third-grader Hunter Hallman, told her mother what she thought the moment about â€Å"what we’re supposed to think about†¦the man who wrote the song.† Her mother was puzzled until she figured out that Hunter was referring to Francis Scott Key in reflection of the class... Free Essays on Prayer In Schools Free Essays on Prayer In Schools It’s nine-thirty on a Monday morning do you know where your kids are or what they are doing? Assuming that your children are in school in one of the 29 states that allow a moment of silence in public classrooms, they could be praying. That’s right, praying in a building owned by the United States government that is supported by the same government that in 1962 decided in the Supreme Court case of Engle vs. Vitale that the Establishment of the First Amendment prohibited school-sponsored prayer. In light of the recent tragedies, such as the terrorist attacks on America and the Columbine High school shootings, the debate has become more popular in the media and in the federal legislature. Should prayer or moments of silence be allowed in schools? The debate over this controversial topic is very impassioned on both sides, conservatives characteristically support legislation that allows a moment of silence, while liberals oppose such legislation. I plan to represent both positions taken on the topic of school prayer or moment of silence. This will include the argument for and against moments of silence, as well both sides of the student initiated prayer debate along with my view on prayer in schools. Currently state governments have the power to make the decision on whether to allow their schools to admit a moment of silence in their public school systems. Virginia is just one of the states that allow a moment of silence in its schools. One problem this proposes is in regards to grade school students. Grade school students often do not know what the moment of silence is about, nor are their teachers given the guidelines to explain the moment of silence. Third-grader Hunter Hallman, told her mother what she thought the moment about â€Å"what we’re supposed to think about†¦the man who wrote the song.† Her mother was puzzled until she figured out that Hunter was referring to Francis Scott Key in reflection of the class...

Determine whether ethnocentrism or ethical relativism apply for Essay

Determine whether ethnocentrism or ethical relativism apply for specific cross-cultural business circumstances - Essay Example Therefore, business leaders and executives should critically evaluate their business circumstances, especially for those involving specific cross-cultural situations, in order to avoid applying ethnocentrism, which may jeopardize the business transactions. For instance, one of the parties to the business contract may pull away if he or she feels considered as a junior partner to the contract due to his or her culture or religion (Egger, 2008). Ethical relativism is a similar practice to ethnocentrism whereby an individual tends to make ethical choices basing on what he or she feels is reasonable or right in accordance with an individual’s own value system or belief. Globalization intensified the interaction of different cultures across the world. This demands that business leaders as well as executives apply considerable accommodation to new cultures and beliefs whenever dealing with cross-cultural business transactions to avoid offending the other party to the contract or bus iness deal. In most circumstances, business leaders use language barriers as a basis to judge other cultures, e.g. the fact that English is the international language in the world does not mean that those who do not know the language do not have anything valuable to offer. Therefore, it is necessary to apply considerable accommodation to such cultural differences in order to foster understanding, e.g. hiring an interpreter to mediate between them during a business transaction (Guffey, Rhodes & Rogin, 2008). International business ethics refers to the standardized cord of ethics or norms that guides the conduct of transacting businesses in an international field. Due to the conflicting provisions of cultures as well as religions across the world, business have to adhere to the set cord of ethics while doing international business in order to facilitate smooth transaction across various cultures. Furthermore, international business ethics enables the companies as well as their represe ntatives and agents to stay above ethnocentrism or ethical relativism. However, global leaders as well as guardians of international trade such as the United Nations have a stipulated set of recognized norms that businesses have to abide to, such as the UN Global Impact. This provision enables businesses to engage professionally when confronted with cross cultural business circumstances as well as maintain cordial business relations with their partners (Jhingran, 2001). Some of the common aspects of international business ethics include: Environment friendly technologies Eradicating corruption, extortion, and bribery Promote environmental responsibility. Eliminate employment discrimination. Eliminate forced and compulsory labor. Eradicate child labor and slavery. Foster international cooperation. Despite the need to conform to international business ethics, there are situations that require business executives as well as marketing professionals to apply local culture when determinin g their ethical practices. This is especially in cases where the business transaction has a lot more sentimental value as compared to its commercial value. Take for instance in a business transaction that involves dealing with antiques and traditional artifacts such as monuments, curving, drawings and idols. These artifacts have a certain protocol of handling them, failure to which it may cast an evil

King Lear by Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

King Lear by Shakespeare - Essay Example Thesis Art helps the main characters to find the truth, understanding the meaning of friendship and love, and resist chaos and evil. In King Lear, the concept of art is based on binary opposition; good - evil, life - death, chaos - order. Using his techniques, Shakespeare 'teaches' the audience about good and bad, virtues and sins, social and immoral behavior. For instance, actions of Duke of Cornwall and Regandepict low morals of people who act in their own interests only forgetting about human virtues and goodness. Regansarcastically comments: "Which the most precious square of sense possesses, / And find I am alone felicitate / In your dear Highness' love" (Shakespeare 1999). Using binary opposition of good and evil, Shakespeare unveils consequences of selfishness and egoism, aggressiveness and low personal values of people. In opposition to Regan and Goneril, Shakespeare creates a character of Cordelia a loving and sympathetic daughter. The nonsensical action caused sufferings for many innocent people because of dishonor, falsehood, low moral values 'preached' by the society. Evil and sins ruin happiness and art seeing as a constructive force of happiness and love. In contras to her sisters Cordelia truly loves her father and cares about him: "O dear father, / It is thy business that I go about" (Shakespeare 1999). Without this opposition, the audience would be unable to see the differences and contrasts between good and evil nature. Following Eldridge (2003): "conceptual art are "at the service of the mind" in that they are intended to set up in an audience a line of thinking about a subject matter. Most literary works clearly undertake to describe an action, situation, or event" (25). These contrasts and oppositions help Shakespeare to create a story conflict and draw attention to contrasting elements and personal traits. For instance, Earl of Gloucester is a foil of King Lear who commits the same faults as Lear. For while deploying descriptive detail in the conventional realistic way to build up a rich and convincing impression of Earl of Gloucester and the world he creates, Shakespe are uses realism. In contrast to King Lear, Gloucester is not so powerful and stubborn. Gloucester says: "I desir'd their leave that I might pity him, they took from / me the use of mine own house, charg'd me on pain of perpetual/ displeasure neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor sny / way sustain him" (Shakespeare 1999). Shakespeare compares and contrasts both rulers who suffer the burdens of rule. It is important to note that identifying something as art, then, is indispensable to artistic practices. That something is art signals how and even whether readers are to respond to it interpretively, aesthetically, and appreciatively. King Lear demonstrates that art is an important part of life because it leads to self-knowledge and self-development. What is particularly interesting in the plot of King Lear is its exceptionally broad psychological and sociological scope, involving characters from practically all bands of the dynamic spectrum and social classes. Eldridge (2003) comments: "A work

Federal express (slp module 02) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal express (slp module 02) - Essay Example According to Netscape Solutions Enterprise, â€Å"Intranet applications and information ranging from personnel guidelines, tax forms, employee evaluations, and project management documentation are currently or will soon be available to all corporate employees of Federal Express. Two critical intranet applications currently in use at Federal Express are one for publishing internal technology reports and another delivering adjunct help-desk support for internal staff. The intranet-published technology reports keep Federal Expresss technology staff current and help them stay abreast of project specifics, plans, and implementation procedures. The help-desk application is designed to streamline customer support by Federal Express information systems† (Netscape Solutions Enterprise, 1999, pg. 1). How project management specifically affects the different departments within an organization such as Federal Express depends on the type of project that is underway. For instance, replacing the computers in the marketing department would directly affect the marketing department, but may have little effect on human resources. â€Å"Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplish a specific (and usually) one-time effort, for example, construct a building or implement a new computer system. Project management includes developing a project plan, which includes defining project goals and objectives, specifying tasks or how goals will be achieved, what resources are need, and associating budgets and timelines for completion† (Free Management Library, 2008, pg. 1). The limitations for implementing the PERT and CRM methods at Federal Express are the same as they would be for any other organization that chose to implement these techniques. According to Hugg (1996, pg. 1), â€Å"A central weakness of both PERT and CPM is the inability to deal with resource dependencies. Resource dependencies are those that concern the availability of resources

Throughout life Essay Example for Free

Throughout life Essay Every situation that an individual is exposed to throughout life, helps mold our self. As humans we have the ability to see ourselves from the outside, and all through life we try to see what others see and our self revolves around the generalized other. We observe how others perceive us and we make conclusions depending on our observations. How we act around others depends on the image we feel they have towards us. Charles Horton Cooley, a symbolic interactionist, concluded that our sense of self develops from interactions with others. Cooley described this process as the looking -glass self. The looking- glass self consisted of three elements. We first imagine how we appear to those around us. We may feel that others see us as boring or quiet. Therefore we try to interpret the reactions of others when we are around them to confirm if what we think is true. If others seem to avoid to talk to you or if you really cant keep a continuous conversation, this may prove to you that you are indeed boring and not so conversational, maybe making you a little uncomfortable when being around people. On the other hand if you see yourself as an individual who can communicate without a problem and you see that you can keep others interested in a given conversations, your reaction is more positive. Through this looking- glass self we develop a self concept. Depending on the observations we make concerning the reactions of others we develop feelings and ideas about ourselves. The reflection we see in the mirror is either negative or positive depending on the feedback we get back from those around us. Misjudgments of the reactions of others become part of our self concept also the misinterpretations of how others think of us. Self concepts begins in childhood but it continues to develop throughout life. As we observe how other people react to us, we modify our self. The self is never a finished project, and it continues to change as our life takes different turns. Our self reacts to the environment that we are in. As the self expands we put together the different reactions making us a unique individual. Every individual has a different way of thinking and therefore they make their own choices about certain situations. Going through different life changes, means the self is expected to change to accommodate the life stage we find our selves in. The way we perceived things when we were adolescents changes when we become adults. We perceive things differently and take in reactions with a different attitude. Even though the family sets basic fundamentals of our personality, we are not destined to keep those characteristics if we dont like them. We can expose ourselves to different groups and ideas that we prefer. Therefore our self transforms depending on the circumstances that we are in. Cooley concluded that our sense of self develops from interactions with others, therefore we modify our self depending on those people around us. For example if we perceive the reactions of others towards us as negative, we tend to change the way we act and sometimes think. There are times when we might try to fit in to a crowd were our self those not meet there qualifications and we focus on the generalized other. The way society expects an individual to be, also tends to bring about change in a persons self over the course of time. Society sets standards and as individuals we tend to form ideas about the way others see us. The self is something that never stops expanding. Change is inevitable, since we must accommodate to our environment. Our self is build by the interactions we have with others, therefore the reactions that we obtain from those around us are very important. This reactions can create either a positive or negative reflection that will influence the way we feel about ourselves and even some of the choices we make in life.

Abigail Adams: Her Contributions :: Biography, History

Abigail Adams: Her Contributions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though quiet, sickly, and shy, Abigail Adams, the wife of second president John Adams, helped plant the seeds that eventually led to the concept of women ¹s rights and women ¹s equality with men. For a country which had been founded on the idea of independence for all, these concepts were still considered radical and even ridiculous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abigail believed that a good education was just as necessary for girls as for boys. This was a departure from the prevailing feeling of teaching girls only the skills necessary for keeping a household running smoothly. She had a passion for reading history, theology, and political theory which she passed on to her children. For Abigail to have taken such a strong interest in her education was a brave stance for her time. Education was often viewed as a corrupting influence on a woman. She requested her husband John, who was a delegate to Congress and later a U.S. president, to draft into law a commitment to supporting education for women. John was in full agreement with Abigail ¹s views on this subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abigail made her strongest appeal for women ¹s rights in 1776, when John was in Philadelphia serving in Congress. As members drafted laws to guarantee the independence for which the colonist were fighting, Abigail wrote to John begging him to remember that women also needed to be given the right of independence. She sensed the struggles that were to come and understood the unfairness of making one group subject to the will of another.

Operations Management Zellers Essay

What competitive priority is important for a discount store, such as Zellers? Cost is the most important competitive priority for a discount store, such as Zellers. In order to perform competitively as a discount store, the organization must emphasize low operating costs. With this priority, Zellers can produce at low costs in comparison to competitors and offer products at low prices in order to meet consumer needs and become an order winner. 2. Three generic strategies are low cost, niche market, and product differentiation. What one of these strategies was Zellers using before 1998? After 1998? Prior to 1998, Zellers was using a low cost strategy. The company targeted budget-minded consumers with the slogan â€Å"Where the Lowest Price is the Law.† In the face of fierce rivalry from WalMart entering the competitive landscape and various operational shortcomings, Zellers made several strategic decisions and changes. After 1998, Zellers was using a niche market strategy, by adjusting its mission to become a â€Å"mom’s store.† Zellers focused on offering fair value to consumers, as opposed to the lowest price. The company moved away from the low cost dynamic of its self-service policy by investing in labour, having several customer service assistants on the floor. It also focused on investing in more famous brands and private label products. To the company’s detriment, it appears that Zellers made these strategic changes in order to compete more directly with WalMart, as they moved away from discounts towards offering everyday low prices on 95% of its merchandise.

Literary Analysis of Sunrise over Fallujah Essay

The novel Sunrise Over Fallujah by Walter Dean Myers is a historical fiction novel that retells the memories of Robin Perry’s experience in Iraqi civil war. He was in a civil affairs unit, which is dedicated to protecting by standers in the war. Robin encounters various setbacks that try to slow down the progress of his unit such as the death of his close friend Jonsey. Walter Dean Myers portrayed his knowledge of the setting, aspects from the past, and made the plot very believable in the historical fiction novel Sunrise Over Fallujah. Firstly, the historical, cultural, and geographical content involving the setting was portrayed accurately and was authentic. In addition, authors must complete detailed research of their settings before attempting to write a book of this genre. If authors want â€Å"To create accurate and authentic settings in their books, they must research the time period thoroughly† (Read). Once the author has completed a detailed research of the setting they are looking to portray they can then start the writing process of their novel. Furthermore, an accurate setting makes the fictional part of the story believable and is what keeps the readers attention. The unit Robin was in had a â€Å"Route that was northward through the city and just out of it to Al Kazimayn mosque† (p.131, 14-15). This is an example of accurate geographical knowledge of the setting. Moreover, making the setting accurate is important, but making it authentic is just as important. When the main character Robin and his crew raided a home they â€Å"Couldn’t tell if it was an apartment house or one big family† (p. 53, 7-8). Researching about how the civilian population lived, ate, and what artifacts were a common part of their lives can make the settings in the novel more authentic. This concludes the importance of the setting in a historical fiction novel. Secondly, aspects from the past were used to help the reader see the development of the plot and fictional characters. Moreover, aspects from the past are important in a historical fiction novel because the readers see key elements develop. Many authors suggest that â€Å"Any aspect from the past can be useful to the present-day novelist attempting to reanimate it to serve as the context for character and plot development† (Facts). Plots and characters begin developing from the author’s research of aspects from the Iraq War. Furthermore, the war in Iraq was full of question, which created many aspects for Walter Dean Myers to choose from. Captain Miller was â€Å"Mad because there were kids in and playing around the school when they attacked it† (p. 100, 24-25). Those types of features from the war in Iraq helped the author develop fictional characters. In addition, aspects from the war in Iraq can be used for the development of the plot. For example, at one point in the novel â€Å"The vehicle ahead of Robin’s crew made a sharp U-turn, ‘RPGs!’ Jonsey shouted; he braked to a skidding halt† (p. 101, 23). This commonly used tactic of the Iraqi military was a feature that Walter Dean Myers used to help develop the plot. After analyzing the novel, readers quickly realize the importance of using aspects to develop characters and the plot. Finally, the most important part of a historical fiction novel by far is the believability of the plot. Moreover, the plot of a historical fiction novel is the most important part because this specific element of a novel is what keeps the readers attention. In a historical fiction novel â€Å"The fictional characters, settings, and plot events must be portrayed authentically as if they actually could’ve happened† (Read). This is a key component to make sure that everything in the â€Å"fictional† event is accurate and authentic to keep the readers attention. Furthermore, the plot consists of multiple parts in the story but the most looked forward to moment is the climax. The main character Robin was explaining that, â€Å"I had my head turned when the bus exploded. The impact went through my body and slammed me against the back of the Humvee† (p. 199, 22-24). The climax of the novel is successful as it creates suspense and kept the reader focused on the rest of the novel. A key component of making the plot believable is using terms based on the event the author is writing about. When Robin’s division had to move they â€Å"Were supposed to go from the FOB (forward operations base), which was nothing but a few tents in the sand, to mining area about fifteen to twenty miles away† (p. 78, 2-4). Complex terminology such as â€Å"FOB† can keep the readers attention because it seems like the author knows what he writing about. Walter Dean Myers successfully made the plot believable and kept the readers attention. The three major components to writing a historical fiction novel; knowledge of the setting, using aspects from the past, and the believability of the plot is what made Sunrise Over Fallujah a successful novel of this genre. This novel met ends with the criteria to writing a historical fiction novel, which is why it is recommended to readers that enjoy this genre. In the end, Walter Dean Myers put together a wonderful piece of literature that was successful in the historical fiction genre. Citations â€Å"Historical Fiction.† Read Write Think. IRA/NCTE, 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Historical Fiction.† Facts On File Companion to the British Novel: 20th Century, vol. 2. 2006. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online.

Racism and the Civil Rights essays

Racism and the Civil Rights essays Racism has existed in the United States for hundreds of years. While the issues of racism came to a head in the civil rights era of this country, the issue is still alive and well within many aspects of society. Research shows that Americans are still very influenced by ethnic origin, and that there are still enormous differences in the treatment of people in this country based on race. The President's Initiative on Race, a research organization, has also found that discrimination against groups based on their race still exists today, and still limits the opportunities available to them. This is seen in almost all areas, from the housing market, to employment and banking institutions (Diversity Digest, par. 1). While great improvements have occurred, there is still much racism to overcome. As early as the 1860's, the civil rights movement was beginning to slowly take form. With the end of the Civil War, and with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed protection of citizens, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which barred voting restrictions, the issue of civil rights came to the forefront. Yet the so called "freedoms" gained through the passage of the Amendments were quickly doused by "scientific" ideas that whites were supreme, and by state governments enacting numerous laws to severely restrict suffrage in the South. Through the combination of local, state and federal government, racial segregation began to emerge as a result. In addition, group such as the Klu Klux Klan formed to show white supremacy and began to emerge in both the north and the south, further limiting the freedoms of the African Americans (Sullivan, par. 1-6). By the 1900's, African Americans were virtually eliminated in all forms of government. Most areas in the south had banned African Americans from streetcars, created se...